History of the Seventh Connecticut volunteer infantry, Hawley's brigade, Terry's division, Tenth army corps, 1861-1865;

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FRED LOCKLEY

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ALFRED HOWE TERRY.

First Colonel Seventh Connecticut Volunteers.

Afterward Major General, U. S. A.

JOSEPH ROSWELL HAWLEY.

Second Colonel Seventh Connecticut Volunteers.

Afterward Brevet Major General, U. S. V.

Twenty-four Years in U. S. Senate.

History

OF THE

Seventh
Connecticut Volunteer Infantry

Hawley's Brigade, Terry's Division
Tenth Army Corps

1861-1865

COMPILED BY

STEPHEN WALKLEY

PRIVATE, COMPANY A, SEVENTH CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS

CLERK IN ADJUTANT GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT
AT GENERAL TERRY'S HEADQUARTERS

THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY

1907931$

ASTOR, LENOX AND
WLDBN FOUNDATIONS

B 1942 L

TO THE

CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN

OF THE BRAVE BOYS

WHOSE NAMES ARE BORNE ON THE ROLLS OF

THE SEVENTH REGIMENT CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEERS

THIS VOLUME IS

AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED.

PREFACE.

At the thirty-fifth annual reunion of The Seventh Con-
necticut Regiment Association, held at Meriden, September
7, 1904, the following resolution was passed.

Resolved: That Comrade Stephen Walkley be, and is hereby
appointed historian, and authorized to compile a history of the
Regiment from 1S61 to 1865.

Attest,

V. F. McNeil,

Secretary.

In accordance with the above resolution this volume has
been compiled. The authorities principally consulted are :

1. Official Records of the War of the Rebellion. 130
volumes and 175 maps. Published by the War Depart-
ment. These are referred to in notes as "OfficialRecords."
For the use of these I am indebted to the courtesy of Con-
gressman E. Stevens Henry.

2. A complete itinerary of the regiment compiled from
private letters by Capt. E. Lewis Moore, A. A. G. By his
permission I have copied freely, sometimes changing
phraseology to adapt it to other parts of the narrative. For
the many cases in which such changes impair his felicitous
style I confidently expect pardon.

3. Extracts from Company Records furnished by O. S.
Firmin of the Auditor's Department in Washington.

4. The Company Records of Co. H. loaned by the late
Lieut. W. F. Goodyear.

5. Numerous private letters, journals, etc., which can-
not be specifically mentioned.

6. Verbal accounts gathered by attendance at thirty-
two company and thirty-five regimental reunions.

Preface.

7. "The Defense of Charleston Harbor," copyrighted.

This volume was written by A Taj or John Johnson of the
Confederate Engineers (now Rev. John Johnson, D. D.),
by appointment of General Beauregard. I am indebted to

Dr. Johnson for man}' courtesies.

Special acknowledgments are also due to Herbert W.
Beecher of New York City, historian of the First Connect-
icut Light Battery, and Sergeant John Taylor, historian of
the First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, for the free loan of
engravings and many other courtesies.

Remembering that out of about two thousand enlisted
in the regiment only about two hundred are left, it is
evident that most of the readers of the work will be the
children and grandchildren of the soldiers. Since such are
not supposed to be familiar with some of the military terms
used, definitions and explanations have been given in man}'
cases. It it hoped that the comrades to whom this was not
necessary will excuse it for their children's sake.

Stephen Walkley.

SOUTHINGTON, CONN., May I, I905.

ENGRAVINGS

Page

General Alfred Howe Terry, - - /

r^ t d zj i Frontispiece

General Joseph Roswell Hawley, - \

Hilton Head, -------- 35

Winter at "Lone Tybee," - - - - -36

Winter in Connecticut, - - - - - 36

A Sling Cart, ....... ^q

Battle at Secessionyille, - - - - - 53

Swamp Angel, -------- 89

Fort Sumter Before Bombardment, - - - 97

Fort Sumter After First Bombardment, - - 97
Ten-inch Parrott Rifle Seryed by the Seyenth

Against Fort Sumter, - - - - - 98

Torpedo, --------- i02

Sumter, December, 1863, Interior, - - - 109

Sumter, December, 1863, Exterior, - - - no

Palmetto on the St. John, - - - - - 125

City Point, - - - - - - - - 130

Pontoon Bridge, - - - - - - - 144

Plan of Fort Fisher, - - - - - - 180

Interior of Fort Fisher, ----- i^0

Resolution of Congress, - - - - - 194

Mrs. Joseph Roswell Hawley, - - - - 215

The Tablet to the Memory of Mrs. Hawley, - 219

Gillmore Medal, - - - - - - - 221

Appendix — J. Massey Rhind's Designs for Tablet, 19

Joint Monument, ----- 23

MAPS

I. Coast Bet. Savannah and Charleston, facing 28

II. James Island, - facing 48

III. Operations on Morris Island, - facing 69

IV. Part of Coast of Florida to Illustrate

Battle of Olustee, - - - - 118

V. Richmond and Bermuda Hundred, facing 151

VI. Fortifications Around Petersburg, - - 163

5

The Story of the Seventh*

CHAPTER I.

HOW IT BEGAN.

Disastrous as was the rout of the Union forces at Bull
Run, on Sunday, July 21, 1861, it was doubtless worth
more to the Union cause than would have been a victory.
It taught the North how great was the task before it ; but
more than that, it sent a sting of shame throughout the
country which made thousands eager to enlist and wipe
out the disgrace.

Among those who keenly felt this sting, were Colonel
Alfred H. Terry of the Second Connecticut Regiment and
Joseph R. Hawley, captain of rifle company A of the First.

It was not shame for themselves ; they had brought off
their commands in good order and in official dispatches
were mentioned with honor.* Stedman of the New York
World wrote of the three Connecticut regiments brigaded
under General Tyler :

''The Connecticut brigade was the last to leave the field
of Bull Run, and by hard fighting had to defend itself and
protect our scattered thousands for several miles of the
retreat."

Colonel Terry and Captain Hawley were ardent patriots,
and during their short term of service had become sincere
friends. As soon as their men were cared for they sought
each other to talk it over.

"Colonel," said the captain, "This makes me feel that
the whole North is humiliated ; what effect do you think
it will have on future enlistments?"

* See Appendix 1.

How it Began. August, 1861.

"How does it make you feel, like backing out?"

"No! I feel if possible more like seeing the thing
through than before."

"Well, I think that will be the effect all through the
North ; I, for one, am determined to commence recruiting
a regiment for the war as soon as this farce of three
months' regiments is played out."

"I am with you there, three months is scarcely time to
teach the men the facings ; we have all been fools ; this
disgrace ought to teach us a little wisdom."

Before parting, they pledged themselves to each other
to go home and begin recruiting a regiment for three years
or the war.

A little more than two weeks later, their three months
having expired, they were mustered out and went home ;
Colonel Terry to New Haven, and Captain Hawlev to Hart-
ford.

Governor Buckingham, on August 15th, issued general
orders directing that volunteers be accepted for the Sixth,
Seventh, Eighth and Ninth, three vears' regiments. Col-
onels Chatfield and Terry were appointed colonels respect-
ively of the Sixth and Seventh ; and those regiments were
ordered to rendezvous at New Haven. Captain Hawlev
at once commenced recruiting a company, with the hope
of joining one of them.

Such was the feeling of the officers of the Seventh ; a
single example will illustrate the spirit of their men.

Three young men of Hartford County, cousins, were
discussing the question of their own duty. They did not
think of enlisting immediately, but thought it might be well
to begin drill and other preparations, so that they might be
in a measure ready if needed. They drove into Hartford
to see Captain Hawlev. After one of them had stated
their feeling, the captain said:

How it Began. August, 1861.

"My advice is that you enlist at once."

"But two of us occupy positions that cannot be relin-
quished hastily and one has a wife and child to support."

"Of that, of course you are the best judges ; all that I
can say is that two hundred thousand men now, will be
worth more than twice the number six months hence."

"Well, of course we want to go if it is necessary, but
it seems as if it was the duty of some who are not so much
tied up as we are to go first."

The captain smiled. "Did you ever see anything
accomplished by waiting for others to do their duty? The
fact is, that those of us who see the need of men will have
to do more than our duty to make up for those who do
less than theirs."

"Are you recruiting a company?"

"Yes, and I hope to make it up from men like you, who
go in not for the excitement, but from principle. I have
already some such men from Hartford and adjoining
towns, and if you join us, I think you will mid congenial
company."

The young men went home inspired by the captain's
words. They agreed that if the married one could provide
suitable care for his wife and child during his absence, and
could get his life insured, they would all enlist together.

There was no difficulty about providing for his wife at
her father's home ; but when he tried to take out an insur-
ance policy he found that all the agents to whom he applied
were refusing war risks. At length he asked a business
man who was going to Xew Haven to see what he could do
there.

When the gentleman stepped off the car at Xew Haven,
the first man he met was a prominent life insurance agent.

"You are just the man I was looking for. Will you
issue a policy of life insurance to a man about to enlist
in the volunteer army?"

9

How it Began. August, 1861.

"Yes, if he is a sound risk in other respects."

This settled it. The young men had thrown the deci-
sion on Providence and thenceforth had no doubt that it
was the will of God that they should enlist.

This was on Friday ; they saw some other young men
with whom they had previously spoken, and on the next
Monday with nine others, five of whom were members of
one Sunday school class, drove into Hartford and enrolled
themselves in Captain Hawley's company. They were sur-
prised to see two of their fellow townsmen there before
them and eventually twenty-five from their town joined
the same company.

Similar scenes were transpiring in contiguous towns ;
a short time afterward Captain Hawley's company was
full.

"Birds of a feather flock together." After the company
reached camp and became acquainted, it proved to have in
its membership many whose prime motive in enlisting was
religious principle. After the war, three of its members
studied and became ministers of the Gospel ; in camp it
acquired a reputation which is well illustrated by an
anecdote.

In 1868 one of its members was paymaster in a manu-
facturing company. One day, just after pay day, an
employee came into the orifice and asked for five dollars.

"What do you want it for?"

"To pay my board."

"Why didn't you pay your board out of what you got
yesterday?"

"Because there was not enough of it to go around."

"Then you should have paid more for board and less
for beer."

"You don't think I have got on a bigger jag than I
can carry do you?"

10

How it Began. August, 1861.

"No, but I think you could have carried it straighter
if you had gone twice for it."

"Well, give me five dollars."

"No, you can't have a cent."

"That's a pretty way for an old soldier to treat another."

"What was your regiment?"

"The Seventh Connecticut."

"Why, that was mine, too."

"Yes, I know you ; you belonged to that Bible

class company."

While the right flank company was forming, a similar
spirit was moving throughout the Commonwealth. The
announcement that Terry was to be colonel of the Seventh
brought to his standard squads and companies from all
over Connecticut.

When camp was established at Oyster Point (now City
Point), New Haven, the regiment rapidly filled; it repre-
sented every county, and one hundred and thirty-four out
of the one hundred and sixty-eight towns of the state. *

Following this history through the war, and knowing
the survivors, one cannot but feel that they were fair
samples of what Connecticut homes, schools and churches
have done to produce good citizens. Not all of native
stock, all had caught the true American idea. Of all re-
ligions, a few claiming to be of no religion, there were
many who would have felt it no honor to be known as "a
Bible class company ;" yet all honored right, truth and
goodness, and were ever ready to stand boldly in their de-
fense.

Whether because sacrifice ennobles men, or whether
only the noble will offer themselves for sacrifice, I am
sure that any one who knew the inner and outer life of
those men would acknowledge that they were "Nature's
Noblemen."

*See Appendix 2.

ir

How it Began. August, t86i.

Private letters and journals show that in nearly every
company there was a nucleus of strong" characters drawn
together by the earnest patriotism of one or more of their
number.

One teacher of a high school in Litchfield County
closed his school for the purpose of enlisting. Seven of
his pupils enlisted with him in Company G, and fifteen in
all joined the regiment, inspired by their example.

In Windham County a minister cheered on a squad
from his congregation who enlisted in Company K, and
his letters, gifts and prayers followed them wherever they
went.

Such was the material of which the Seventh Regiment
was composed.

12

CHAPTER II.

AT OYSTER POINT.

As the companies assembled at Camp English, Septem-
ber i, 1861, where they found the Sixth encamped, tents
were pitched, company streets policed, and the daily routine
of military life commenced. One member of the company
sent home to his wife the following program of daily duty:

5 A. M. Reveille and Roll Call.

6 A. M. Breakfast.
8 to 10. Drill.

12 M. Dinner.

2 to 4 P. M. Drill again.

6. Supper.

9. Tattoo and Roll Call.

Xext — Family Prayers in our tent.

9.30. Three taps of the drum — lights out.

A member of another tent's crew writes in his journal
that same program, except that he substitutes euchre for
prayers.

At first, drill was partly conducted by teachers or
pupils from Russell's Military School, but soon the
sergeants were able to drill their own squads, and the
words "Left!" "Left!" "Left!" "Right!" "Left!"
sounded all over the parade grounds. The frequent meet-
ing of squads gave practice in changing the line of march
to the "Right Flank!" or "Right About March!"

Many bought copies of Hardee's Tactics, and one tent's

Note. The companies were mustered into the U. S. Service in
the following order: Companies A, D and H, September 5th. Com-
pany C, September 6th. Companies B, E and G, September 7th.
Company F, September 9th ; K, September 12th; I, September 13th.

13

At Oyster Point. September i to 18, 1861.

crew bought a copy of Army Regulations, and studied it
together between supper and tattoo.

While not at drill, swimming in the sound, writing
letters home, athletic exercises and camp jokes filled the
time agreeably.

With intelligence, study and patience on the part of
both officers and men, a good degree of proficiency in
company drill was acquired.

Colonel Terry was wise enough to see that an essential
preparation for service was thorough discipline. To those
who felt themselves everybody's equal and whose only
law was their own sweet will, this came rather hard. To
respect rank, regardless of character, and to bear silently
reproof, sometimes undeserved, is never easy. Though the
officers were more considerate and lenient in Xew Haven
than after we reached Washington, such escapades as some
other regiments relate were not tolerated in the Seventh.

Colonel Terry's discipline may be illustrated by three
anecdotes. When we were at Annapolis, Private John
Bacon was stationed as sentry at a gate and told to allow
no one to pass without the countersign. A field officer,
who had imbibed so freely that he felt as if he owned the
State of Maryland, rode up and attempted to pass. The
sentry brought his piece to "charge," and demanded the
countersign. The officer tried to spur his horse over him,
and the sentry pricked the horse's breast with his bayonet.
The animal, which had not shared the potations of his
master, refused to breast the bavonet aq-ain. The officer
had to dismount and give the countersign. He then re-
mounted and rode to camp in high indignation, saying : "I
will have you court martialed for this, sir!" Shortly after-
wards, the officer of the guard relieved the sentry and took
him to regimental headquarters. Coming into Colonel
Terry's presence, he saluted, and the colonel asked :

"Did you prick Major 's horse?''

14

At Oyster Point. September i to 18, 1861.

"Yes, sir."

"Why did you do it?"

"Because he refused to give the countersign and tried
to ride over me.''

"Did you finally let him pass?"

"Yes, sir."

"Did he give the countersign first?"

"Yes, sir."

The colonel turned to the officer of the guard with that
kind smile which the boys remember so well and said :
"Put this man back on his post. I wish we had a thousand
more like him."

At Edisto, a sergeant who had been outside the lines
with his squad on picket duty, passed an abandoned church.
Going in, he found that some lawless persons had committed
depredations upon the cushions and hymn books. Under
the desk was a beautiful pulpit bible, and wishing to save
it, he slung it under his rifle and, with one of his men,
started to carry it to camp. On the way they were met by
Colonel Terry, who said : "What have you there, Ser-
geant ?"

-A bible."

"Where did you get it?" ''

"At the church back there."

The colonel rose in his stirrups and said in a severe tone :
"Carry it back at once ! I did not suppose a member of
my regiment would steal a bible !"

For a time Seabrook's Island was picketed by some of
the regiments in alternation, and the negroes had found that
when some regiments were there the safest place for their
chickens was in the cabin with themselves. The chaplain
relates that once when the Seventh relieved another regi-
ment, a colored matron was heard to say to her husband :
"Come, Monday ; we's got to rassle 'round and get in dem
chick'ns; it's most dark." "No," was the reply. "We

15

At Oyster Point. September i to 18, 1861.

ain't got to get de chick'ns in the cab'n to-night ; (lis regi-
ment neber steal."

In New Haven clothing and arms were issued : clothing
September 13th; arms and accoutrements five days later.

In the matter of uniforms, those who had hoped for
gorgeous trappings were sadly disappointed. Some one
has said that a wonderful example of faith in Divine
Providence is when a tailor makes a suit of ready made
clothing in confidence that the Lord will make a man to
fit it. If the contractors who made our uniforms had that
faith, it was a case of misplaced confidence, for a good
fit was rarely secured. After receiving them, one company
was in line for dinner. Some ladies and gentlemen from
the city came along and stopped to see the performance.
One of the boys who felt the exhibition humiliating, sang
out,

"This way, ladies, we are about to feed the animals."

The cowhide shoes, christened "gunboats" or "gub-
bies," were subject to much ridicule and were at first far
from comfortable. When one of the boys was asked how
his shoes fitted, he replied,

"Well, they fit my corns right snug, but everywhere
else in them there is as much spare room as there is in a
midweek prayer meeting."

The buttons on the uniforms, supposed to be gilt, were
adorned with the State Seal. These were in great demand
as souvenirs. Many a young man lost a button which,
after we marched away, reposed in a velvet lined box in
his sweetheart's boudoir. Collecting buttons became quite
a fad. Two girls whose bold looks and actions were the
reverse of charming, accosted a man on camp guard.

"Soldier, give us a button?"

"Really, ladies," said he, "Til give you the rest of the
uniform with pleasure, but I want to keep the buttons ; they
are the only ornamental part of the whole outfit."

16

CHAPTER III.

IN WASHINGTON.

On the eighteenth of September the regiment marched
down to Long Wharf and took a steamer for Jersey City.
Arriving there at about three o'clock in the morning we
waited until about eight ; then took cars for Philadelphia.
There a glad surprise awaited us. We were marched first
into a large lavatory for a wash. To one who had washed
his hands by having a little water poured on them from a
canteen, it was a great luxury to plunge them to the wrists
in sparkling water in a marble basin and wash his hands
and face with scented soap and wipe them with a clean
white towel. From the lavatory we were ushered into a
dining room where were long tables spread with spotless
linen, shining silver, gleaming china and such food as our
wives and mothers would have prepared. Behind the table
were ladies who evidently moved in the first circles of
society. The sight of their natty white bib aprons and
refined faces was a feast in itself, and the grace and polite-
ness with which they waited on us brought tears to many
an eye.

A long time after, when a long march in the rain had
emptied the boys' haversacks, and the commissary wagons
were delayed, a man sat cherishing his hunger as the cap-
tain passed by.

"Captain, give me a pass?" said he.

"What do you want a pass for?"

"I'd like to walk to Philadelphia and get a good square
meal."

Even now, after forty-three years have passed, many of

17

In Washington. Sept. 19 to Oct. i, 186 1.

the boys have a warm place in their hearts for the kind and
beautiful ladies of Philadelphia.*

From Philadelphia we rode principally in cattle cars,
to Baltimore. Before marching" from one station to the
other in that city, ten rounds of cartridges were served to
each man, but everything was quiet, and they were not
needed. From Baltimore we rode slowly until we reached
Washington.

A long march of about three miles under a broiling sun
with our heavy knapsacks on our shoulders, proved so
trying that a few fell out. At length we found ourselves
on Meridian Hill, a large plateau about three miles north
of Washington, from which the dome of the Capitol was
plainly visible.

There camp was pitched, we were brigaded under Brig.
Gen. H. G. Wright,! and initiated into the second degree
of Army life. Camp and picket guards were established,
thorough discipline commenced, and battalion drill substi-
tuted for company drill.

To trot around for two hours under a burning sun, car-
rying forty pound knapsacks and rifles, was by no means
easy at first, but it strengthened our muscles and prepared
us for severer service yet to come. It seemed to us that
we had to go through some movements an unnecessary
number of times. Colonel Terry would not be satisfied
with slip shod, half way work. If the company officers
had been like him, perhaps the work would have been
easier. There seemed to be required a knack in drill quite
aside from a mental comprehension of the movements.

One company commander of high intellectual ability
and scholarly attainments could never drill his company;
they were frequently out of place, and Colonel Terry's

*See Appendix 3.
f See Appendix 4.

18

In Washington. Sept. 19 to Oct. i, 1861.

patience was exhausted in trying to make them execute
the proper movements without leaving a ragged gap in
the line.

Colonel Terry once said : "Company — can't you ever
come into line in time?"

"Yes, replied one man (sotto voce), if Captain

will go and sit on the fence."

Other officers with no claim for anything more than a
common school education could, without a show 01 effort,
bring their men around in the right place at the right time.

The three weeks spent on Meridian Hill were none too
long preparation for actual service. When we consider
how necessary it is that soldiers should have such thorough
drill and practice that when the word of command is given
each man will fall into place without having to stop to
think what his place is and how to get there, it seems as if
it was a risk to land the regiment in the face of the enemy
with only six weeks of preparation. But a good way to
learn how to do our duty is by doing it. The troops who
were rushed into service in 1861 had to learn their duty
in that way, and they learned it well.

Dry Washington clay is not soft, and when embossed
with pebbles does not furnish an attractive bed. There
was a barn filled with strawr not far from the camp, and
the quartermaster bought the straw for beds. Details
were made from the companies to bring it into camp. They
did their duty so well that in a short time the straw was all
gone, and the board sheathing of the barn with it. The
latter experienced a new incarnation in the form of bunks
and tent floors. I do not know how this affected the
quartermaster's vouchers.

Near the camp was a sutler, who sold all sorts of
goodies, but the boys thought his prices high. One bought
a very small bun. He said to the sutler: "That seems
rather small."

19

In* Washington. October i to 9, 1861.

"How big a bun do you expect to get for a cent?"

"As big as the cent," was the reply.

On the first of ( October orders came to get ready to
march with three days' rations, but this proved a false
alarm. At last about midnight of October 8th the long
roll beat: the order was, "Strap your knapsacks and strike
your tents at once !"

After doing this, and packing the tents in the wagons,
the men sat or stood, in knapsacks and rubber blankets,
ready for the march. A pouring rain was falling ; camp
fires were started and the straw from the beds thrown on
lighted up the darkness. Some small birds hovering over
the fires, seemed to have golden wings. These with the
sputtering rain drops flashing as they came into the light
made a weird sight. At length the last wagon was packed
and orders to march were given.

Down to Washington we marched through the sticky
mud, wading the gutters and stumbling over the curb
stones, while the rain poured on our devoted heads, and
finding its way under our rubber blankets ran in rivulets
down our backs.

In the morning we halted at the foot of a hill evidently
a pasture for hogs and geese. Here was a long building,
having painted in large letters upon it "The Soldiers' Rest."
In this we found long wooden tables, and on them the
usual fare, boiled corned beef and hard bread, with potatoes
boiled in their jackets. The tables were not very clean
and flies were much in evidence, but we were too hungry
to mind such little things. Along the tables here and there
were placed camp kettles filled with cofTee.

One of the boys took his plate, knife and fork from his
haversack, laid the plate on the table and laid on it an
attractive hunk of beef. On cutting it open two or three
fat maggots rolled out. He emptied his plate on the dish

20

At Annapolis. October 9 to 20, 1861.

and reached for a hard tack. This broke easy. The
reason was shown, as several lively skippers trickled down
on his plate. "I Yum!" said he, "I'll drink my coffee
with my eyes shut," and he did. Similar experiences were
the rule all along the line. The boys made their breakfasts
of coffee and boiled potatoes, though some were so fas-
tidious that the sight of the specimens of entomology took
away their appetites.

A slow ride of six hours in freight cars, with clothing
so wet that it took about all that time to dry it, was not
a luxury. If, tired of standing, you sat down on the floor,
you found it hard, and the constant bumping soon became
agony. But all things earthly come to an end at last.

Arriving at Annapolis, we were quartered in buildings
connected with the Xaval Academy. There we had con-
veniences for washing, soft bread was issued fresh from a
bakery every morning, and on the whole it was a pleasing
rest after Meridian Hill.

At Annapolis we remained eleven days, our only employ-
ment being daily drill.

21

CHAPTER IV.

THE EXPEDITIONARY CORPS.

There were reasons for making South Carolina the seat
of war. It had been the first state to pass the Ordinance of
Secession ; it had fired the first gun upon the flag, and it
was right that the state which began the war should feel
its rigor.

Again, the coast from Savannah to Charleston was
composed of islands surrounded by deep creeks or rivers,
through which light draft steamers could pass, avoiding
the blockading fleet of Charleston harbor. To occupy
these islands would help the navy to make blockade run-
ning dangerous.

Lastly, a base of supplies between Cape Fear and St.
Augustine was needed to sustain operations on the Atlantic
coast.

For the full understanding of further movements we
need to go back to August 2, 1861. At that time an
expedition to South Carolina was planned. The point
chosen by Lieutenant General Scott was in the neighbor-
hood of Port Royal, but the precise place was left to be
determined by the naval and military commanders,
namely, Captain Du Pont of the Navy and Brig. Gen.
Thomas W. Sherman of the Army.* It was desired that
the expedition should start as soon as the hot weather was
over. But at this time no troops were available. General
McClellan, who felt that the safety of the nation depended
on the Arm>- of the Potomac, was asking for more men,
and none could be spared from any other point. Con-
sequently, the land forces must be recruited, armed,
equipped, and drilled in the short space of two months.

* See Appendix 5.

22

The Expeditionary Corps. October 19, 1861.

General Sherman was sent to the governors of Maine,
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode
Island to urge the hurrying forward of 12,000 men.* The
request was afterward changed to one for three regiments
from Maine, two from Xew Hampshire, three from Mass-
achusetts, one from Rhode Island, two from Connecticut,
and three from Xew York. Connecticut was the only
state that was able fully to comply with General Scott's
request.

Governor Andrew of Massachusetts had one full
regiment and two well under way, but had to urge Sher-
man to see that General Butler did not divert them to his
command. In answer to his appeal the Secretary of War
telegraphed "Select the regiments yourself for Sherman
and supply him first."

Governor Morgan sent the three regiments from New
York in time, but none of them were full, and some lacked
equipment. The Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire,
and Rhode Island troops arrived just in time to sail with
the expedition, but it was delayed for three weeks. In the
meantime Lincoln and Scott were urging haste, f

The President indicated October 1st as the time to sail:
Governor Buckingham had in Washington September 21st
two full regiments armed and equipped, ready for sailing
orders, not one of whom had enlisted before August 15th. J

Xow, having reviewed the general plan for the expedi-
tion, we are ready to resume the story of the part taken
by the Seventh.

The regiment embarked at Annapolis October 19, 1861
on the Steamer "Illinois." The harbor was full of transports.
During Sunday ,the 20th, they lay at anchor; at about 7
A. M. on the 21st weighed anchor and sailed slowly down

* See Appendix 6.
f See Appendix 7.
X See Appendix 8.

23

The Expeditionary Corps. October 18 to 21, 1861.

Chesapeake Bay. For two days fog- and rain made it
necessary to sail slowly with frequent soundings and to
anchor at night. ( )n the morning of the 23rd it cleared
away and the steamer reached Hampton Roads and
anchored near Fortress Monroe. Here we remained six
days. Drill such as ship board permitted was established,
and on one day the regiment practiced disembarking in
small boats as a preparation for landing at its final destina-
tion. Owing to the delay, caused mainly by unfavorable
weather, it was necessary to call on General Wool, Com-
mandant at Fortress Monroe, for additional commissary
supplies. General Wool took a pessimistic view of the
management and wrote to the War Department accord-
ingly.*

With the exception of Hamilton's U. S. Light Battery,
the troops destined for the expedition were comparatively
undrilled and none had seen service. In response to Gen-
eral Sherman's request for at least one regiment that had
some military experience, the War Department asked Gen-
eral McClellan if he could spare the 79th New York
Highlanders, which had been at Bull Run and was well
seasoned. He declined to detach a single man from his
command, f

While lying at Hampton Roads the first death in the
regiment occurred. William Farris of Essex, a member of
Company A, borrowed a tin wash basin, sought a secluded
place on the lower deck and stripped for a wash all over.
In some way the wash basin slipped off the side of the
vessel ; he looked over after it and seeing that it floated,
leaped over the rail for it. He swam after it, caught it,
put it on his head, and then turned to swim back to the
steamer. The tide was running out swiftly and in spite

*

See Appendix 9.
f See Appendix 10 and 11.

24

The Expeditionary Corps. Oct. 29 to Nov. i, 1861.

of his efforts, drifted him down stream. A boat was
lowered and manned, but by this time he had been carried
some two hundred yards out. The men bent to their oars
and had so nearly reached him that one of the crew reached
out his hand to catch him, when he suddenly sank and was
seen no more. Whether it was from cramps, exhaustion
or a shark was never known.

This event deeply impressed us, for then sudden death
was a stranger. Alas ! how familiar he afterward became.

On the morning of October 29th the fleet set sail under
sealed orders led by the Navy. Each steamer loaded with
troops towed a sailing vessel carrying commissary's or
quartermaster's stores.

Nearing Hatteras the lookout on our steamer gave the
sudden cry "Breakers ahead." The orders "Stop her!
Back her!" quickly followed and were obeyed. The
"Golden Eagle" however, which the "Illinois" was towing,
was not turned quick enough. She crashed into our
quarter, knocking down our after smoke stack, carrying
away the starboard rail and one boat, and poked her nose
into the upper cabin. Great alarm followed, quickly allayed
by the announcement "She's all right." One of the
amusing incidents of the panic was that Colonel Terry's
white servant came tumbling on deck with a life preserver
carefully strapped to each leg.

Before the steamer could proceed at full speed it was
necessary to replace the fallen smoke stack.

Fine weather opened the morning of November 1st, fol-
lowed by a southeast gale, with the usual result to landsmen.
As some one facetiously remarked, "Every man had a
chance to learn how much was in him."

November 2nd, the wind shifted to the southeast and the
gale became almost a hurricane.

The fleet became scattered. The "Baltic," on which were

25

At Sea. November 2 to 7, 1861.

( General Wright and his staff bumped upon a reef and came
near being demolished by a large sailing vessel which she
was towing. ( )ne hawser by which the "Illinois" was tow-
ing the "Golden Eagle" broke and the other had to be cut.
The "Governor," with a battalion of marines on board
showed signals of distress and came near the "Illinois" for
help which she was unable to give. A gunboat later came
to her assistance and saved most of the passengers and
crew, but the ship went down. The Steamer "Union," on
which were supplies, was driven ashore and fell into the
hands of the enemy.

The next morning was fair. The fleet began to collect,
and such sailing vessels as were cut loose in the storm were
taken in tow again. The fleet moved slowly in order that
all might get together. On the morning of the 4th the air
was soft and balmy. Some butterflies came on board the
vessel and we came in sight of land, said to be in the neigh-
borhood of Port Royal.

For the next two days we awaited the movements of
the Navy. The ships remaining, had all arrived, and on
the 5th Commodore Tatnall steamed out to attack the fleet,
but finding it too powerful prudently withdrew to the cover
of the forts. Our gunboats followed and exchanged shots
with the forts for about forty-five minutes with a view to
ascertain the strength of their armament.

On the 6th the weather was too boisterous for an attack
and the fleet lay at anchor. On this day the land forces of
the enemy were reinforced, making about 1,100 men, and
on the same day 650 more men landed at Seabrook Wharf,
making the entire number of land forces on the east end of
the island about 1,700.

At last the 7th of November dawned bright and serene
without a ripple on the water. In consequence of the loss
of means of disembarkment during the storm it was decided

26

At Port Royal. November 7, 1861.

to first reduce the forts by the navy without the co-opera-
tion of the land forces.

At about nine o'clock in the morning the navy, headed
by the flagship "Wabash" moved to the attack. At 9.25
one nine-inch Dahlgren gun opened upon the "Wabash"
from Fort Walker, but the shell exploded near the muzzle
of the gun and produced no effect. Other shots followed
from both forts and soon the fire became general on land
and water. The war ships passed both forts unharmed.
and sailing in a circle delivered telling shots at each fort
as thev passed it. For more than four hours the bombard-
ment continued with no apparent injury to the navy, but
with evident damage to the forts. In addition to the mov-
ing battery, Fort Walker was enfiladed by two gunboats
anchored to the north of the mouth of Fish Hall Creek and
another at a point on the edge of the shoals to the south.
This enfilading fire was most damaging and as the thirty-
two pounder on the right Hank was shattered earl}' in the
engfaerement bv a round shot, and no guns had been
mounted on the north flank, the fort had to endure it with-
out reply.

By two o'clock all but three of the guns on the water
front of Fort Walker had been disabled, and only 500
pounds of powder remained in the magazine. The com-
mander directed one or two guns served slowly until the
wounded were removed, and then the whole force evacuated
the fort.

When the firing ceased and the smoke cleared away, it
was seen that the garrison was retreating. A crew from
the flag ship rowed quickly to the shore and raised the stars
and stripes. Cheers from the transports rent the air, the
bands played patriotic airs, and sounds of rejoicing spread
through the fleet.

The right of the line of land forces had beeen assigned
to General Wright's brigade, and he designated the

27

At Hilton Head. November 7, 1861.

Seventh Connecticut as the first to land. At a given signal

small boats from the fleet were rowed to the "Illinois"; in
these the Seventh quickly embarked and were towed by a
steamer as near the shore as it could safely go ; then cast-
ing- off. the men rowed through the shallow waters until
their boats grounded, then sprang out, waded to the shore
and formed in line of battle on the beach. It proved for-
tunate for them that the garrison had retreated before the
landing occurred, for two carronades had been placed on
the beach in front of the fort, and for want of carriages
were buried in the sand, heavily loaded with canister, and
so aimed that if both had been discharged when the
regiment was forming in line they would have made terrible
havoc. As it was the Seventh unfurled the stars and
stripes and state flag, and marched into the fort as peace-
ably as to dress parade. They were soon followed by the
Sixth, and both regiments bivouacked for the night. Com-
panies A, B, and C, of the Seventh established pickets at a
suitable distance from the fort ; Company F was detailed
as camp guard, and the remainder of the regiment slept
unmolested within the fort.

So within six months after Sumter was fired upon, the
Seventh regiment had the honor to establish the stars and
stripes and the three-vined flag of Connecticut side by side
on the sacred soil of South Carolina in place of the stars
and bars and the Palmetto flag of that state.

Note. The motto of Connecticut is "He who brought over
will sustain"; that of South Carolina " Prepared in mind and
resources "; one a declaration of confidence in God, the other of self
confidence. As we follow the course of events since our landing, we
shall see that both of these mottoes were significant. South Caro-
lina was irjdeed well prepared for war and did all that human devo-
tion could do in defense of secession, but the Divine Purpose
designed better things for her than human pride could plan or
human might accomplish. After forty years, the vine planted in
1620, and ravaged in 1861, has spread through the land, and is now
tended with loving hands from the Atlantic to the Pacific*

* See Appendix 12.

28

CHAPTER V.

AT HILTON HEAD.

On the morning of the 8th of November the Seventh
Connecticut, under command of Colonel Terry, escorted
Captain Gillmore, the chief engineer officer, on a recon-
naissance to the northern part of the island, following
the line of retreat. That line was easily traced by articles
of equipment thrown away by individuals of the enemy in
their haste. The owners of the plantations had fled pre-
cipitately, abandoning much property which such negroes
as had contrived to remain on the island were looting with-
out restraint.

Over such portions of the line of march as the face of
the country permitted, the troops were deployed as skir-
mishers. Starting at about 9 A. M. they reached Sea-
brooks Landing* on Alackey's Creek at about 2 P. M.
At this point the retreating force had embarked in steamers
for Charleston. Here were found fifteen loads of quarter-
master's and commissary's supplies and a few small arms.
The negroes were jubilant and anxious to sell sweet pota-
toes and other eatables which had cost them nothing.

After remaining at Seabrooks long enough for Captain
Gillmore to make some surveys the party marched back to
camp.

On the next evening, the tenth, General Wright and
Captain Gillmore escorted by three companies of the
Seventh Connecticut started on a reconnaissance to Brad-
docks Point at the extreme west end of the island, distant
by the road nearly fifteen miles. They started about ten
o'clock in the evening and returned on the afternoon of the

*C map I.

29

At Hilton Head. November io, 1861.

next day. They reached Lawton's plantation* about mid-
night and halted there until about four o'clock in the
morning. Lawton's is about four miles from Braddock's
Point.

At four o'clock the march was resumed and about day-
break the column reached the point where the road strikes
the beach, where another halt was ordered. When it
became light enough to reconnoiter, a single company was
sent forward for that purpose. The report came back that
the place seemed to be abandoned, when General Wright
and staff went forward. They found a parapet 263 feet
long and four guns. A few rounds of grape and canister
were scattered on the beach, a good garrison sling cart,
and the finished parts of a wooden platform for mounting
a Columbiad, full circle. Three A tents and quite a number
of shanties were standing, all giving evidence of a hasty
retreat.

These reconnaissances showed that the entire island had
been abandoned. Braddocks Point was henceforth occu-
pied by Major Gardner and three companies of the Seventh.

A brief summary of our work to this point follows.
Hilton Head Island about twelve miles long and six miles
wide had fallen into our hands. We had taken possession
of Fort Walker on the west, and Fort Beauregard on the
east side of the mouth of Broad River. Forty-two cannon
were captured, which, with the exception of eight or nine
disabled in the engagement, were fit for service. On Hilton
Head and the adjoining islands considerable cotton was
stored and all sorts of supplies were open to looting by the
blacks.

It has been said (not by military men, but by news-
papers), that Sherman might have followed the retreating
forces to Charleston, and thus accomplished what

* B map I.

30

At Hilton Head. November io to 28, 1861.

Gen. W. T. Sherman did two years later. A little con-
sideration disposes of this fallacy. The ammunition and
commissary supplies were packed in the holds of the ves-
sels ; the only way to unload them was by snrf boats and
scows. The few wagons we had were mostly lost on the
steamer "Union."

The plan of living on the enemy, to which the North
was reconciled in 1863 would have been thought barbarous
in 1 861. Even if eight or ten thousand men by a brave and
bold dash had reached Charleston it would have been what
Lexington was to the British in 1775. In three days a
force twice our number would have attacked our raw
troops, most of whom had never stood in line of battle,
and if they had not captured us, would have harrassed us
through a march of fifty miles.

The only thing to do first was what we had been ordered
to do, namely, to establish a sure base of supplies, take
measures to make it convenient as well as safe, and then
make such advances into the interior as a complete knowl-
edge of salient points would permit.

This work was at once entered upon. Forts Walker
and Beauregard were repaired and strengthened and named
respectively Fort Welles and Fort Seward. Large build-
ings were put up for quartermasters and commissary stores.
A long wharf was built extending out into deep water, a
bakery was established sufficient to furnish soft bread to
the whole command.

Some of this work was done by Serrell's Regiment of
Xew York Volunteer Engineers assisted by artificers
brought down from the Xorth but a considerable part by
fatigue details from the infantry regiments.

While this was going on, scouting parties were sent
out, parts of the island subject to attack were picketed, and
points on other islands occupied as fast as found desirable

31

At Hilton Head. November 28, 1861.

and safe. When not engaged in other duties our regiment
was perfected in battalion drill.

The 28th of November was Thanksgiving Day at home.
All men not on duty were relieved from drill and permitted
to celebrate it. Of course one important part of the cele-
bration was the Thanksgiving dinner. The only record
that I find of this important service is copied below.

"The bill of fare for our company was as follows :

Beef Stew Boiled Ham

Plum Pudding Fried Apple Fritters

Coffee Hard Tack

The cook, a Xew Haven institution, got hold of a liberal
supply of secesh whiskey and became gloriously drunk.
He spilled the stew on the sand, spoiled the pudding by
putting it in cold water, forgot to boil the ham, and burned
the fritters. In consequence we made our dinner of hard
tack and coffee."

At 2 P. M. the church call sounded, and all men not
on duty gathered in front of Lieutenant Colonel Hawlev's
tent. He said he would preach his sermon first, which was
in substance as follows :

"I am glad to see so many Connecticut men celebrate
their home festival on South Carolina soil, an unprecedented
event. I have not the honor to be a member of any church,
yet I consider that man less than human who does not
acknowledge God as the Supreme Director of the universe.
Give me for a soldier the man who believes in God and has
a conviction that his cause is just. I expect professors of
religion to stand up for their leader, else you are not fit
to be in God's army."

The colonel's voice trembled as he proceeded, and there
were fewr dry eyes in the assembly.

Then the good Chaplain Wayland spoke from the text,
"The Lord has done great things for us, whereof we are
glad."

32

At Hilton Head. November 28, 1861.

He reminded us that three weeks before we had sailed
from Hampton Roads on an important, but to us, unknown
errand. We had been providentially preserved from wreck
on the dangerous shoals of Hatteras ; then from a perilous
collision. Two other days and two sleepless nights we
were tossed on a raging sea in danger of foundering until
hope almost tied. From this dreaded fate we had been
saved by the divine power. :;c When later we saw the strong
fort and powerful armament which we believed we must
face in deadly assault, we saw the defenders of the fort
flee to the shelter of the woods and with unbroken ranks
marched into the fort and slept safely behind its sheltering
parapet.

This was far from a jolly Thanksgiving day, but many
still remember it as a day on which they thanked God more
sincerely than they had ever done before.

Soon winter came, with raw, piercing winds alternating
with hot days. Malaria began to put in its somber work.
The novelty of the soldier's life had worn away and its
dreary monotony began to tell. Xow if ever that delicious
but enervating longing for home called homesickness
came to the front, manifesting itself in various ways.

One soldier on detached service wrote home to his wife
as follows :

"I give it up. I have lied to myself and you as long
as I can. and am going to indulge just once in the honest
truth, I am deathly homesick! Xot on account of my
work ; I welcome that as a relief from thought ; nor for my
food, though I still sometimes spleen against the pork and
bacon ; but because of the dreary loneliness of my sur-
roundings. Away from my regiment, my work among
commissioned officers, between whom and a private, mili-

*A few months later the "Illinois" was condemned as unsea-
worthy.

33

At Hilton Head. N 28 to Dec. 18. 1S61.

tarv rules forbid that familiar intercourse which gives life
its dearest charm,* I work all day long respectfully and
silently. At night I go to my lonely tent, lay my rubber
blanket on the sand, put my knapsack on it for a pillow,
and drawing my stuffy blankets over me try to sleep. The
piercing wind finds its way under the flap of my tent and
drifts the sand into my ears, the fleas put in their satanic
w«»rk. and between them and malarial headache sleep is
anything but restful. A few mornings ago when I shook
out my blankets I shook out of them a snake nearly two
feet long. It was what the negroes call a glass snake, a
harmless variety, but the thought of such a bed fellow made
me squirm. I do not mind the mice who nibble my hard
tack, for there is enough for them and me. If I walk out
to see the beauties of nature there are none to see. The
Palmettoes are interesting : the live oaks with their silvery
moss are beautiful, but all else is a flat waste of dreary.
dirty sand. The weeds have been killed by the frost t there
is no grass here!, and hold up prickly burrs to clutch my
ankles as I walk. The matted vines trail down into the
dank edges of the swamps and the hot sun by day decays
them enough to exhale malarious gases by night. Aside
from the fort I have not seen a hill a foot high nor a rock
big enough to throw at a robin. The sun rises from the
ocean and goes down into the sand, and always apparently
in about the same place, so there is no variety in the sun-
- ts. The face of nature presents the utmost possible con-
trast with breezy, sparkling, ever changing New England.
Prose is good enough for this country, but it is too tame
for Connecticut, so like Silas \\ egg I have dropped into
poetry. I do not suppose it is very good poetry, but it has
done ire good to give free vent to my moan. Xow. having
gotten the lie off my conscience and the bile off my stomach
I feel better.

* Appendix 13.

34

z -

—

=- 2

WINTER AT "LONE TYBEE."

WINTER IN CONNECTICUT.

At Hilton Head. Nov. 28 to Dec. 18, 1861

A HOME SICK SOLDIER TO HIS WIFE.

I stand alone on the moonlit shore,

When the soldier's work is done,
And I think the thoughts often felt before,
As I've seen the surf with its dashing roar

Leap up 'neath a southern sun.

I think of a land where the glistening snow,

Twinkles clear 'neath the moon to-night,
Of a cheerful home where full well I know,
Shines a mellow lamp with its cheerful glow,
And a fireside's genial light.

I think of a mother who's sitting there,

With a dear little boy on her knee ;
And she tickles his neck so soft and fair,
Till I seem to hear through this misty air,
That child laugh ringing and free.

Then she kisses good night to the lips so red.

And pillows the sunny hair.
In a neat and snug little cradle bed ;
It may be she presses her weary head,

And wishes that I was there.

Now the pearly eyelids sleepily close,

Shutting the blue orbs in;
And a motherly hand smooths down the clothes,
Tucks them around the uneasy toes,

And under the dimpled chin.

How the days grow short which were long before,

When I think what a wealth of joy,
Will be mine when my country's need is o'er
And I look into those hazel eyes once more,
And clasp our own bright-haired boy.

Then I pray that if here I am called to die,
We may meet with the spirits who roam.

Through the beautiful worlds in the starry sky;

And on shining pinions where'er they fly,
They are never away frotn home.

37

CHAPTER VI.

AT LONE TYBEE.

More fatal diseases than homesickness awaited the
regiment. On December 19th we embarked for Tybee
Island to take part in the reduction of Fort Pulaski.

Captain Gillmore was instructed to report whether it
was practicable to reduce or capture the fort, and if so
how. Fort Pulaski was a brick work of five sides or faces
including the gorge, casemated on all sides, walls 7V2 feet
thick and 25 feet high above high water, and mounted
forty-eight guns. A full armament would have been 140
guns.

Captain Gillmore reported that he thought it practicable
to breach the fort from Tybee Island and recommended
ten ten-inch mortars, ten thirteen-inch mortars, eight heavy
rifled guns of the best kind and eight columbiads.

This was a bold scheme. It was contrary to the mili-
tary science of that day. A standard military work reads
as follows :

"An exposed wall may be breached with certainty at
distances from 500 to 700 yards, even when elevated 100
feet above the breaching battery ; and it is believed that in
case of extreme necessity it would be justifiable to attempt
to batter down an exposed wall from any distance not
exceeding 1,000 yards, but then the quantity of artillery
must be considerable, and it will require from four to seven
days firing according to the number of guns in battery and
the period of daylight, to render a breach practicable."

The nearest point on Tybee at which a battery could be
erected was 1,670 yards from Fort Pulaski. It will natur-
ally be asked how it was that Captain Gillmore was willing

38

At Lone Tybee. Dec. 19, 1861, to April 3, 1862.

to risk his military reputation by attempting so much more
than the best authorities thought possible.

We must remember, however, that the breaching guns
used had been smooth bores. Lieutenant Parrott, who was
constantly seeking to improve the gun which bore his name,
had rifled the bore and so arranged that the shot was greatly
improved in accuracy and length of range. The James
rifle also had shown great range and accuracy in firing.
Captain Gillmore, who was fully up to date, believed that
the improvements would make it possible to breach a fort
at 700 yards greater distance than with smooth bores.
General Sherman had not his faith, but thought that at
least enough iron might be thrown into the fort to make
it untenable.

The War Department thought the experiment worth
trying, and the armament asked for was furnished.

There were great difficulties to overcome in building
the batteries and mounting the guns. "A dog that will
fetch a bone will carry a bone." The guns of the fort
would reach the batteries, and it was not to be supposed
that the garrison would tamely see formidable earthworks
built within reach of their guns. It was necessary there-
fore to work at night and to mask the work done each night
by making whatever changes were necessary so gradually,
that at a distance of a mile and a quarter they would not
be noticeable.

But building the works was by no means all the diffi-
culty. The guns, ordnance supplies, etc., were landed two
and a half miles away from the batteries and were hauled
by men that distance on sling carts. The last mile of the
route lay in full view of Fort Pulaski ; consequently this
work had to be done exclusively at night. General Gill-
more says in his report :

"No one except an eye witness can form any but a faint

39

At Lone Tybee.

Dec. 19, 1 86 1, to April 3, 1862.

conception of the herculean labor by which mortars of
8J/2 tons weight and columbiads but a trifle lighter were
moved in the dead of night over a narrow causeway, bor-
dered by swamps on either side, and liable at any moment

A SLING CART.

It will be seen by the height of the officer, that the wheels were about ten feet in diame-
ter. A mortar or gun was slung under the large wheels, raised by means of the screw at
the top, then two hundred and fifty men took hold of ropes attached to the front wheels,
and drew it to its destination.

to be overturned and buried in the mud beyond reach. The
stratum of mud is about twelve feet deep, and on several
occasions the heaviest pieces, particularly the mortars,
became detached from the sling carts and were with great
difficulty, by the use of planks and skids kept from sinking

4*3

At Lone Tybee. Feb. 21 to March 15, 1862.

to the bottom. Two hundred and fifty men were barely
sufficient to move a single piece on sling carts. The men
were not allowed to speak above a whisper, and were
guided by the notes of a whistle."

On the 2 1 st of February the first vessel with ordnance
and ordnance stores for the siege arrived in Tybee Roads.
From that time until April 9th the Seventh Connecticut
was constantly engaged in landing and transporting
ordnance, ordnance stores and battery materials, making
fascines and roads, constructing gun and mortar batteries,
service and depot magazines, splinters and bomb proof
shelters for the relief of cannoneers off duty, and drilling at
mortars. The landing place was A, map I.

The work was not all done by the Seventh ; the Forty-
Sixth Xew York, two companies of the Volunteer Engi-
neers, and for most of the time two companies of the Third
Rhode Island Volunteer Artillery were engaged in the same
work.

At first only the seven companies which came from
Hilton Head were at Tybee; on the 15th of March the
other three companies joined the main body.* Details of
three or four hundred men were made from the regiment
every day, so that fatigue duty, guard duty or drill,
occupied the whole force. There was much sickness, and
during about three months of such duty more deaths
occurred than during five months before. Guns were fired
occasionally from the fort, but no casualties resulted.

We admire those who risk their lives in battle, but some-
times forget that patient endurance is as heroic as bravery
in battle. This endurance was severely tested on Tybee.
One test beside those mentioned ought to be spoken of.

Tybee had been used as a hog pasture and swarmed

* They had been first at Braddock's Point, then on Danfuskie
Island.

4i

At Lone Tybee. Dec. 19, 1861, to April 3, 1862.

with fleas. The boys were constantly subject to annoyance
from these insects. Some could endure it better than
others. Though fleas, like every living- thing that has
nerves, there are grades in their liking. I have known
two men who lay under the same blanket ; one of them
would sleep all night and show only a few blotches in the
morning, while the other would writhe through a half sleep-
less night and rise with every place that lay on his blanket
one solid blotch.

A flea loves to be in a tight place. If he bites your
foot his favorite haunt is under your ankle, where you
cannot reach him without full notice of your intention.
After you poke your finger down to his lair, he may be a
hundred miles away for aught you can learn to the contrary,
but as soon as you relinquish your search he is there again.
Perhaps at length you resolve to get him away from there
at any cost. You unlace your shoe carefully, turn down
your stocking with equal care and peer under your ankle
in vain. You pull off your stocking and turn it wrong side
out, but cannot find him. A flea will slip through a stock-
ing or a blanket as nimbly as a squirrel through a knot
hole. You whip your stool with your stocking till you are
sure he is gone, then put on your stocking and shoe and
resume your work. In less than five minutes an exasperat-
ing nip advertises that he is "still doing business at the old
stand."

It is hard to catch a flea and harder to hold him. He
greases his hide and will slip out of your grasp the second
your grip is loosened. The only way to kill one is to find him
working in plain sight. Then wet your finger and pounce
on him just as he has inserted his jaws for a fresh mouth-
ful ; roll him between your thumb and finger until you
tangle his long legs, then open your fingers slowly until
you can see about a hundreth of an inch of his body ; press

42

At Lone Tybee. Dec. 20, 186 r, to April 3, 1862.

the thumb nail of your other hand on this and hold him
until between your two thumb nails you can crush his ribs.

There is a fiendish delight in this, but it has no practical
effect ; after you have killed a thousand there are more left
than when you began. A careful statistician estimates that
for every flea killed, ten are born. In Xew England this
may be funny to think of, but on Tybee it was agon}' to
endure.

Imagine that you have worked all night long dragging
heavy mortars and in the morning you take a breakfast of
salt pork, hard tack and coffee, and spreading your rubber
blanket on the sand, pull your woolen blankets over you
for a sorely needed rest. Then the fleas skip out of the
sand and begin their work. Where your clothing is loose
they tickle ; where it is tight they bite, and between the two
if you get any wholesome rest you must be very thick
skinned or very tired. If you can imagine all this, you
have a faint idea of what the capture of Pulaski cost the
Seventh, in blood and violation of the third commandment.
Though profanity is never excusable, fleas are exten-
uating circumstances. One of the boys tells of being
awakened in the middle of the night at Tybee by an
unusual noise. Looking up he saw a comrade who
sometimes embellished his speech with expletives, stand-
ing in the middle of the Sibley tent, whipping the
tent-pole with his shirt, while with the strongest lan-
guage at his command he condemned the fleas to the
hottest place in the universe. A fellow feeling led the
listener to condone the offense.

On the 3rd of April Maj. Gen. David Hunter assumed
command of the Department, relieving General Sherman.
On the 9th all things were supposed to be in readiness for
the bombardment, but it was discovered that there were
no fuse plugs for the ten-inch mortars. The ordnance

43

At Lonk Tybee. April io, 1862.

officer was in despair till it was suggested that there wras a
Yankee regiment in the command and they ought to he
able to make some by hand. So the Seventh regiment
was set at work whittling- by the light of their camp fires
with the result that they whittled out a full supply.

The Seventh Connecticut was detailed to serve the five
mortar batteries, mounting seven ten-inch and eight thir-
teen-inch mortars."

Major General Hunter, commanding the Department of
the South and Brigadier General Benham, commanding
the northern district, both arrived with their staffs April 8th.

Just after sunrise on the morning of the 10th General
Hunter dispatched Lieut. J. H. Wilson of the Topograph-
ical Engineers to Fort Pulaski, bearing a flag of truce and
a summons to surrender. Colonel Olmstead in command
of the fort replied, "I am here to defend the fort and not
to surrender it."

On receipt of this reply the order was given to open fire
commencing with the mortar batteries, agreeably to instruc-
tions previously given. The first mortar to be fired was a
thirteen-inch from Battery Halleck.f Captain Sanford had
written on the shell, "A nutmeg from Connecticut; can
you furnish a grater ?"

This shell was fired at a quarter past eight. As rapidly
as it was practicable to determine approximate ranges by
the use of signals, all the batteries were brought into play,
so that before half past nine A. M. shots wrere thrown at
the fort about three times per minute.

By one o'clock it could be seen by the aid of a powerful
telescope that the rifled projectiles were chipping away the

* Appendix 14.

|A thirteen inch mortar is mounted on the monument of the
First Heavy Artillery on the Capitol grounds, and another at Hub-
bard Park. Meriden, Conn.

44

At Lone Tybee. April ii, 1862.

wall of the fort at the point where their fire was directed.
The breaching guns fired often upon the barbette guns of
the fort in order to keep down their fire. Two of the
barbette guns were dismounted and three casemated guns
silenced.

As evening closed in, all the pieces ceased firing except
four, which were served with intervals of about fifteen or
twenty minutes for each. The object of this was to prevent
repairs of the breach or filling of the casemates in its rear
with sand bags or other material.

On the morning of the nth a little after sunrise the
batteries again opened upon the fort. After three hours
an entire casemate had been shot away and by twelve o'clock
the one next to it was in the same condition. This opened
the way to the magazine and the fire was directed upon it.
To resist longer would be foolhardy and not brave, for
a shell penetrating the magazine would cause an explosion
which would destroy both the fort and garrison. Colonel
Olmstead was brave but not foolhardy and at two o'clock
raised a white flag in token of surrender, and the batteries
ceased firing.

Acting Brig. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore was dispatched to
the fort to arrange terms of surrender which are given in
the appendix.*

By this capture there fell into our hands forty-seven
guns, a great supply of fixed ammunition, 40,000 pounds of
powder and large quantities of commissary stores ; also
360 prisoners.

Of the part taken by the Seventh in the capture General
Pdunter said in his report to the Secretary of War :

"Our gallant volunteers under the scientific direction
of Captain Gillmore, displayed admirable energy and per-
severance in the construction of the earthworks on Tvbee

* Appendix 15.

45

At Fort Pulaski. April ii to May i, 1862.

Island, and nothing could be finer or more impressive than
the steadiness, activity, skill and courage with which they
worked their guns in battery."

General Benham wrote : "The Seventh Connecticut
regiment under Colonel Terry, very ably manned the bat-
teries which they had most laboriously constructed, so that
I designated them ( as I was pleased to find had been,
unknown to me, the previous selection of General Gillmore)
for the honor of being the first to garrison the surrendered
fort.

The ceremonies of capitulation and other delays
occupied so much time that it was not until nearly midnight
that we marched into the fort and rested that night within
its walls.

The next day we were set at work clearing up the ruins
and preparing the way for repairs by the engineers. Seven
companies were quartered within the fort and three com-
panies outside.

The soldiers composing the captured garrison were fine
looking men and the officers perfect gentlemen. Colonel
Terry and Colonel Olmstead conversed frankly for more
than an hour in regard to the work on both sides.

Among the captures were two splendid English rifled
cannon ; quite a number of the others were of confederate
manufacture.

On the 15th some men of the Third Rhode Island
Artillery were engaged in emptying some unexploded
James shells. One of them tapped a shell on a granite
traverse and if exploded, killing two men, mortally wound-
ing two others, and maiming a fifth.

Some three weeks or more were spent in cleaning and
repairing the fort ; on the 29th we commenced drilling five
hours a day. Great care was taken to preserve the health
of the command. Straw hats and flannel sacks were pro-

46

At Fort Pulaski. May i, 1862.

vided, the ice houses were filled with ice, and fresh meats
were kept on hand for the use of the garrison. The forces
on Tybee dismounted the guns and some of the most
effective were added to the armament of the fort.

On April 25th, Colonel Terry was promoted to be
Brigadier General, a well deserved promotion. A few men
had complained of his rigid discipline and the hard drill
that he gave them, but every one sincerely respected and
honored him. The whole regiment shared his honor. I
once overheard General Wright say that the Seventh
Connecticut was the best drilled and best disciplined volun-
teer regiment that he had ever seen.

This left Lieut. Col. Hawley in command of the regi-
ment and he was immensely popular.

On May 1st the full strength of the regiment was 961
men and thev were in fine trim.

47

CHAPTER VII.

JAMES ISLAND EXPEDITION.

After some rumors and false reports the regiment
embafked on the steamer "Cosmopolitan" May 31st and
steamed away to the north. Reaching Xorth Edisto, sixty
miles away, on the first of June, the stores were discharged
and the men crossed the river to Johns Island.

Taking up the line of march on the 2nd we marched
about five miles, oppressed with heat and thirst. We
bivouacked at Sea View plantation until June 5th. On that
day we started at 10 A. M. in a pelting rain and marched
about a dozen miles to a deserted village called Legareville.

We bivouacked that night and the next day. The boys
complained of sore feet caused by the long march in the
rain. Rations were scarce and the Chaplain made a forced
march to the rear for coffee and sugar and brought good
cheer on his return.

On the 7th we crossed the Stono River to James Island
where we lay down in a muddy cotton field with the rain
pouring on our devoted heads. Early in the evening a
foraging party brought in a small drove of very small
cattle. The butchers quickly turned them into beef.
Rousing from their uneasy beds the boys sliced off tender
(?) morsels and making fires of such sticks as they could
find, toasted the bits of beef before smoky fires, using their
bayonets for spits, then ate them without pepper or salt
and lay down again in the mud.

On the 8th the Seventh Connecticut and Twenty-Eighth
Massachusetts made a reconnaissance toward Charleston.
The right wing encountered the enemy in some woods and
for a short time the firing was quite brisk — one man was

48

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James Island Expedition. May 31 to June 16, 1862.

wounded and one missing".* The force returned to the
cotton fields where they again passed an uncomfortable
night.

The 10th was Sunday. The entire force was under
arms all day ; seven companies on the advanced picket line.
( )ur tents arrived that day and were pitched. An old house
occupied by the picket was within range of the enemy's
batteries and desultory firing caused some slight casualties.
At three P. M. on the nth Company G made a dash on
the enemy's pickets by order of a member of General
Stevens' staff. They discovered some earthworks and a
considerable force drawn up in front of the works supported
by artillery which opened fire, wounding only one man.
They withdrew after firing a single volley in response.

The island at that point was about one and a half miles
wide — some corn and cotton were growing ; the corn about
shoulder high and the cotton little more than a foot high.
The Seventh Connecticut, Eighth Michigan and Twenty-
Eighth Massachusetts were brigaded together under com-
mand of Colonel Fenton. (For the entire force see
appendix.)!

From the 13th to the 15th we remained in camp pre-
paring for a movement planned by General Benham. The
account of that movement is given in Colonel Hawley's
report below.

Headquarters Seventh Connecticut Volunteers.

James Island, S, C June 16, 1862.
Colonel :

I submit a brief report of the part taken by this regiment in
the assault on the enemy's earthworks this morning.

Our line was formed promptly at one o'clock as ordered.

*This was Private, afterward Corporal Woodford of Co. A.
For an interesting incident connected with his capture, see
appendix 16.

f Appendix 17.

49

At James Island. J^ne 16, 1862.

There were two field, five staff, two non-commissioned staff, and
eighteen line officers ; seventy-six non-commissioned officers, and
497 privates; total 600. In addition ten or twelve musicians and
more accompanied the surgeons.

We were assigned to the center of your brigade, the First
Brigade, Second Division, and as we approached the enemy we
were ordered to move forward into line on the left of the leading
regiment, the Eighth Michigan. As our right passed the building
afterwards used as a hospital, and through the heavy hedge, entered
the first of the two fields between us and the earthworks, it formed
into line and continued to march on at a rapid step. It was impos-
sible for all of the left to get forward into line on the run across
the high ridges of the cotton field encumbered as they were and
worn down by night fatigue. I halted the right for one single
minute, the left still running, and the completed line moved on in
excellent order over the hedge between the two fields and steadily
advanced upon the enemy, whose grape and rifle shots came in
showers.

When within 200 or 300 yards of the earthwork, the left wing
came obliquely upon an unforeseen ditch and morass, so that in
advancing it must crowd by its right flank toward the center. At
this moment a terrible fire of grape and musketry opened upon us.
The line was inevitably broken. The colors stood fast, protected
by Captain Palmer's Company (E) ; Captain Hitchcock with part of
Company G. and Lieutenant Atwell with part of Company C
advanced within 130 yards of the parapet. These and a portion of
the right wing, conceiving that the time had come when the order
not to fire might be waived, opened a lively fire upon the parapet.
The men stood bravely, but the line could not be formed until the
colors were brought into the open field. As soon as this was done,
the regiment moved by the right flank under the heaviest fire, the
left wing rapidly closing up. and under your orders, when well
across the field toward the marsh, filed to the left, and advanced
upon the enemy.

After moving a short distance. Captain Stevens brought me an
order from General Stevens to call the men off. They could not
resist the temptation offered by the enemy at the guns, and a por-
tion of the right was slow to get the order and fall back, preferring
to pick off gunners and riflemen. Formed by the rear rank, the
battalion marched to the hedge and lay behind it until an order

50

At James Island. June 16, 1862.

from General Stevens brought it back to the hedge in front of the
hospital. In a few moments the general again sent us to the hedge
across the fields, where we lay while three pieces (two howitzers
and a rifle) of the Connecticut Light Battery came up and carried
on a rapid, and for the most part a well directed fire. Several
times my men assisted with the utmost eagerness in moving the
guns and giving other aid. A portion of the best marksmen were
permitted to fire at the enemy's parapets. When the pieces had
retired beyond danger, by order from General Stevens, we were
again moved in regular line to the rear, the enemy's rifled cannon
and howitzers playing upon us.

After standing behind the hospital hedge a short time General
Stevens ordered us to camp, whither we returned in good order.
An immediate inquiry showed very few missing men, and the
number of absent not positively known to have been left on the
field dead or severely wounded does not exceed three or four.

I find it impossible to select individuals for praise. Capt.
Edwin S. Hitchcock of Company G among the foremost, and
enthusiastically cheering on his men. was severely wounded in his
thigh. He continued to call out cheerfully and to fire rifles handed
him by his men until he received a rifle ball straight from the front
through his upper lip. Four of his men then undertook to carry
him to the rear. While they were doing this, two of them.
Sergeant Haynes and Private J. Newton Dexter, were wounded
by rifle balls, and they were obliged to leave the gallant captain
dying there. Lieutenant Hooton of Company D was doing his
whole duty nobly, rallying and regulating his company, when a
heavy grape shot passed entirely through his right thigh nearly up
to his body. He was carried to the rear, praising his men and
urging them on, and he lived but a short time.

Lieutenant Dempsey of Company B, while in the discharge of
his duty, was disabled by a ball through his left shoulder, inflicting
a painful but not dangerous wound. Sergeant (acting 2nd Lieu-
tenant) Upson of Company F, was heroically at work when a grape
shot took off three fingers and dashed through his right shoulder.
There are but very slight hopes of his recover)-. Major (acting
Lieutenant Colonel) Gardiner, Captain (Acting Major) Rodman,
Adjutant Mills and Quartermaster Terry and Sergeant-Major
Sanger of the Field and Staff, did all that could be asked of the
bravest soldiers. They were entirely fearless and constantly active

5i

At James Island. June 16, 1862.

and near me every moment. The same. T may say. from personal
observation, of nearly every line officer, and for aught I know it is
true of all. At a most critical moment when we were rearranging
the line for the second advance, nothing could have been better than
the conduct of Captains Gray, Palmer and Skinner, and Lieutenants
Chamberlain, Atwell. Thompson. Townsend and Green. Formid-
able as were the obstacles, I cannot help believing that had we
possessed a better knowledge of the ground, the highest success
would have crowned our efforts.

This regiment was most actively engaged in the reduction of
Fort Pulaski, but this was the first time it had encountered a heavy
direct infantry tire. To meet that discharge of grape and musketry
was a severe test. When the ditch broke up our line the men did
not leave the ground ; they stood patiently until the line was formed,
and our advances and retreats were in regular line and time.
Surgeon Bacon and Assistant Surgeon Porter and their assistants
were very industrious in bringing off the wounded, to which I
attribute our small number of missing.

I have the honor to be very respectfully.

Your obedient servant,

Joseph R. Hawley,
Lieut. Col. Commanding Seventh Reg. Connecticut Vols.

Col. Wm, M. Fenton,

Commanding First Brigade, Second Division.

It was an open secret that the assault on the forts at
Secessionville was disapproved by the brigade commanders
and also by General Hunter. A letter from General
Hunter to the Secretary of War tells the whole story.

Headquarters Department of the South.

Hilton Head, S. C. June 20, 1862.
Sir:

On the 13th inst. I had the honor of informing you that we
had occupied the southwestern portion of James Island, on the
Stono River, within five or six miles of Charleston, intending to
make a rush for that city as soon as re-enforcements should arrive.
As we failed in being able to make a coup de main on Charleston

52

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At James Island. June 16, 1862.

in consequence of our transportation not having been returned to
us from the North, the enemy had time to throw strong re-enforce-
ments on James Island, rendering an advance with our existing
force extremely hazardous. I therefore determined to make no
forward movement, having satisfied myself by reconnaissances of
the increase of the enemy's strength ; and on leaving the Stono
to return to this point, where matters affecting the safety of the
command in other portions of the department called for my
presence, I gave positive orders to General Benham that no
advance should be made until further explicit orders had been
received from the headquarters. General Benham disobeyed these
orders and clear instructions and the result, I deeply regret to say,
has been a disastrous repulse, only redeemed by the brilliant con-
duct of the troops while engaged in the assault and their steadiness
and patient courage when compelled to retire.

I inclose herewith a copy of General Benham's report of his
assault upon the enemy's fortifications, as also of my orders for-
bidding that any such movement should be made. You will see
that General Benham endeavors to evade the responsibility of hav-
ing violated his instructions by terming his attack upon the enemy's
works "a reconnaissance in force," but such a plea is too puerile
to deserve consideration.

In view of these circumstances and the serious consequences
which have arisen from his disobedience, I have felt it my duty to
arrest General Benham and order him North by the steamer con-
veying this letter. This step has cost me much regret, as previous
to this unhappy act of rashness he has been industrious, energetic
and wholly devoted to his duties.

We still hold our former position and shall continue to hold
it so long as any hope of being enabled to make it useful by the
receipt of re-enforcements shall remain. It is a most valuable
point d'appui* for operations against Charleston, and should not
lightly be abandoned.

From all the evidence reaching me, however, I am satisfied
that Charleston has been heavily re-enforced of late, possibly by
some brigades from the Army of Corinth, and the injudicious attack
of General Benham will doubtless contribute, both by its calling
attention to the place and by the eclat of the Confederate success
there to still further swell the number of its defenders.

*Point of support.

55

At Hilton Head. J^ne 16 to July 7, 1862.

I have the honor to be, sir. very respectfully, your most

obedient servant,

1). HUNTERj
Maj. Gen. Commanding.

Secretary of War. Washington.*

The casualties to the Seventh were nine killed, sixty-
nine wounded, and four captured or missing, making an
aggregate of eighty-two — the aggregate of casualties to
the whole command was 683, of whom 107 were killed.

The whole number engaged on the Union side was
about 6,600 men. The number of the enemy is not
reported. There were five regiments and five battalions.
As they fought largely behind entrenchments, their aggre-
gate loss was only 204.

On the 20th of June, Lieutenant Colonel Hawley was
promoted to Colonel.

Xo prospect of re-enforcements appearing. General
Hunter ordered the evacuation of James Island. This was
effected under General Wright, who was assigned to the
command of the district when General Benham was
relieved. The Seventh Connecticut was sent first to
Edisto Island, reaching there July 7th. They remained
there but a few days and then returned to Hilton Head.
There was a great contrast in the appearance of the boys
when they left Fort Pulaski May 31st and when they
reached Hilton Head early in July. Then they were clean,
healthy and alert, and marched with an elastic step ; now
they were dirt}' and ragged ; their ranks thinned by sick-
ness, wounds and death, and their strength depleted by
disease and exposure; they marched wearily with heavy
step. Xearly all appliances for comfortable camping were
lost or destroyed.

New cooking utensils were issued and such clothing

* Appendix 18.

56

At St. John's Bluff. July 7 to Oct. 3, 1862.

as was needed ; sky blue pants for all. Two brigades from
the department were sent north to McClellan's army, and
General Terry placed in command of the district, includ-
ing- all posts south of Hilton Head as far as Key West,
Florida.

Colonel Hawley was sent north on recruiting service.
Since active operations were deferred during the heated
term, some of the officers' wives and other visitors came
down from the North. General Terry and staff went to
Key West and attempting to return were quarantined for
three weeks.

Two months of camp and outpost rested the Seventh.
General Hunter went north on sixty days' leave, leaving
General Brannan in temporary command of the Depart-
ment.

On the 5th of September Colonel Hawley returned from
the North with fifty volunteer recruits. They were good
men and proved a credit to the regiment.

About the nth of September Major Gen. Ormsby M.
Mitchell assumed command of the Department of the
South, relieving Brigadier General Brannan, who resumed
command of the tenth corps. The weather was unsuitable
for active operations and the sick list large. The sick in
the tenth corps averaged ten per cent of the entire com-
mand.

On the 1st of October all of the Seventh, except the
sick, who were left in camp, embarked on the "Ben De-
Ford" for operations against St. John's Bluff, Florida.
The gun boats made reconnaissance up the river and were
immediately and warmly engaged by batteries on St. John's
Bluff, on which they withdrew. The troops effected a
landing at Mayport Mills, and afterwards established a
position at Mount Pleasant Creek. A further reconnais-
sance made October 3rd showed that the enemy had aban-

57

At St. John's Bluff. Oct. i to 13, 1862.

doned the batteries on St. John's Bluff, whereupon General
Brannan immediately advanced from Pleasant Creek and
took possession of their works. Though well constructed,
well armed, and well supplied with ammunition, they
seemed to have deserted in great haste, the guns being all
mounted, loaded, and in good condition, the ammunition
served and everything in good fighting order.

The guns wTere dismounted by our troops, and with the
ammunition were put upon the transport "Neptune" and
forwarded to Hilton Head ; the magazines blown up, and
the works otherwise destroyed

The Confederate Commander, General Finegan, cen-
sured Lieutenant Colonel Hopkins in command of the bat-
teries for abandoning them so hastily. Colonel Hopkins
demanded a Court of Inquiry and was exonerated from all
blame, on the ground that an attempt to hold his position
"against a greatly superior force would have inevitably
resulted in the complete reduction of the batteries and the
capture of the command."

The Seventh Connecticut returned to Hilton Head
from this bloodless, but fatiguing victory, October 7th by
the steamer "Boston." The remainder of the command
reached Hilton Head October 13th.

The total results of the expedition were the destruction
of the batteries, securing eight cannon for our own use,
sixty stand of small arms and one steamer, the "Governor
Milton," which the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers with the
help of the navy captured in a creek about twenty-seven
miles from the town of Enterprise.

58

CHAPTER VIII.

POCOTALIGO.

On the 2 1 st of October an expedition was organized
to attempt the destruction of a part of the Charleston and
Savannah Railroad near Pocotaligo. It was under com-
mand of General Terry and numbered about twTo thousand.
For the part taken by the Seventh in this expedition
Colonel Hawley's report is here given in full.

Hilton Head, S. G, October 25, 1862.
Captain :

I submit for the consideration of the Brigadier General Com-
manding a report of the part taken by this regiment in the late
expedition and the actions which took place near Pocotaligo on the
22nd inst.

General Terry ordered me to furnish a force of 500 men
including officers, ' and, in accordance with verbal instructions, I
organized them into six companies, commanded by Captain Cham-
berlain (first company). Skinner (second company), Gray (third
company), Dennis (fourth company), Tourtellotte (fifth company),
and Burdick (sixth company). Captain Dennis, being unable to
walk, the command of his company fell to Lieut. E. S. Perry.
Capt. O. S. Sanford acted as Major. Lieutenant Colonel Gardiner
being ill and Major Rodman absent on recruiting service. Capt.
James A. Burns, acting quartermaster, and Capt. C. C. Mills, who
returned from recruiting service after the force was organized,
both waived all questions of etiquette and went on my staff (the
latter as adjutant) and rendered constant service and indispensable
and constant aid in the field and elsewhere. Assistant Surgeon
Horace P. Porter, acting surgeon, accompanied us. Doctor Hine
remaining with the sick in camp. The other officers were Chaplain
H. S. Wayland, First Lieutenants John Thompson, Win. E. Phillips,
Edward S. Perry and S. S. Atwell, and second Lieutenants Wilson,
Wildman, Hutchinson. Van Keuren. Barker, and Marble.

The entire force that left Hilton Head was, field and acting

59

Pocotaligo. October 22, 1862.

staff officers six. non-commissioned staff three, company officers
sixteen, color bearers two, musicians and others (hospital attend-
ants) seventeen, enlisted men bearing arms 470; aggregate 514.
This excludes a corporal and five men without arms, put in charge
of our stores on the "Boston."

We embarked on the "Boston" on the afternoon of the 21st.
at 1 1 P. M. On the passage up Broad river, by order of General
Terry, I detailed Captain Gray, Lieutenant Hutchinson and seventy-
four men, to whom were added about twenty men of the Third
New Hampshire under Lieutenant Head, to proceed up the river
in boats manned by the navy and guided by two negroes past
Mackay's Point; and then landing on the main land to cut off
and capture the rebel picket, said to number about sixty, on duty
at that point.

A barge with a howitzer from the "Paul Jones" accompanied
them. They safely passed the point apparently without being
noticed; but the negro in the leading boat with Captain Gray
conducted them two or three miles beyond the proper landing point,
where a causeway might have been reached and the picket inter-
cepted.

The fact was ascertained by inquiring of the other negro in
Lieutenant Hutchinson's boat and the party turned about, but the
favorable moment had passed. Daylight appeared before they got
back to the spot and they kept on to Mackay's Point, where they
found our troops debarking, the enemy of course having fled.

Lieutenant Smith of the Third New Hampshire, who accom-
panied Captain Gray as far as the tug boat "Relief" towed the
party and then went up the Pocotaligo with twelve men, is reported
to have been more successful and to have captured several of the
enemy.*

The "Boston" reached Mackay's Point (E map I) about 8 A. M.
on the 22nd, and the regiment promptly debarked and formed line.
The Seventy-Sixth Pennsylvania, Colonel Strawbridge of this bri-
gade being already on shore, took the lead, following the first brigade.
Colonel Chatfield commanding. After delays and halts, arising
from causes of which I know nothing, the two brigades marched
on. At about 12:30 o'clock we heard artillery firing in advance
of the column and moving on rapidly at double quick we passed
evidences of the commencing conflict, and by General Terry's order

*The letters below referred to will be found on map I.

60

PocotalKiO. October 22, 1862.

I detained half of my fifth company under Lieutenant Green as a
guard for the field hospital being established. They did their duty
faithfully for fifteen hours, and rendered great aid to the wounded,
constructing temporary litters with saplings and strips of their own
blankets, bringing off the disabled, etc., there being no occasion
to resist the enemy. A few minutes after, by the general's order,
I detailed half of my fifth company under Captain Tourtellotte
and Lieutenant Phillips, to guard and help draw the three
boat howitzers. They did not fail in their duty for a moment.
The remaining five companies, by the general's order, formed
column by company and continued advancing. Approaching the
two strips of thick wood, divided by a marsh and crossed by the
road nearly at right angles, General Terry ordered us in line at
the right of the brigade and we halted. Advancing a few paces,
the brigade again halted and the men lay down, the enemy's artil-
lery and infantry keeping up a lively fire, which more particularly
endangered the regiments (the Seventy-Sixth Pennsylvania and the
Third New Hampshire) on our left. Some minutes passed, our
artillery working fiercely, and the first brigade, which had been
hotly engaged re-forming its lines. A general advance followed,
there being one brief halt after jumping the ditch. The thick and
almost impassable wood was entered and the marsh soon reached,
but the enemy held the opposite bank (F map I). As' the general
ordered, we moved by the left flank until we touched the road, then
countermarched to bring my right to cross the causeway, which after
a halt, we did at a lively pace, following the Sixth Connecticut
Volunteers. A rapid march of two or three miles followed, much
of it at double quick ; but the men endured it remarkably well.
The sounds of a renewed fight reached us, and we hurried along
the narrow road through a heavy wood toward the front, where I
was ordered to file to the right into the wood. I obeyed, changing
the direction a little to the right to go behind the reserve of the
Fourth New Hampshire, halted, reported, and was instructed that
my duty was to hold the position and the marsh in front at all
hazards. Moving by the left flank a little, and throwing forward
my right, so as to bring my line more nearly perpendicular to the
road, I dressed the line, halted and ordered the men to lie down,
the artillery of the enemy sending occasional missiles in our direc-
tion, one of which instantly killed private James Cook of Com-
pany I and wounded one or two others. I found near me a small

61

Pocotaligo. October 22, 1862.

reserve of the Fourth New Hampshire, and sending forward to
the edge of the wood skirting the marsh, I learned that more of
the regiment were there deployed as skirmishers and maintaining
a dropping fire. They returned word that they could hold their
position if well supported. I informed their commanding officer,
Colonel Bell, and rested, having no orders to transmit to any other
regiment.

General Tern- soon ordered me to send forward our Sharps
riflemen to the edge of the wood (H map I) to work upon the
enemy's battery across the marsh. I ordered forward Companies A
and B. Captains Chamberlain and Burdick (Captain Sanford, acting
Major superintending the movement), the men to be deployed at
short intervals. There were nearly 100 of them, and they opened
a fire of astonishing rapidity with sights ranging from 400 to 600
yards, and I must believe with accuracy, for the enemy's field
pieces, and even his infantry fire was silenced in a very few
moments. Again receiving General Terry's instructions, the regi-
ment rose up and moved in good line to join Companies A and B
at the edge of the wood, and commenced firing by file with the
greatest satisfaction to the men. The officers cautioned them to
elevate the sights properly and to fire deliberately. The Sharps
riflemen were ordered to cease firing that they might reserve some
ammunition. After a time (the enemy being nearly quiet), I
caused the bugle to sound "Cease firing," and the men promptly
obeyed and were ordered to lie down. The moment any groups of
the enemy appeared on the edge of the not very thick woods
opposite, or about the buildings, or near the one field piece which
we could see (the other had been drawn out of sight), our fire
was opened for a short time, and the Sharps were permitted to work
at intervals. At one time I had six men from each company
detailed to maintain such a fire as would keep down the enemy.
Again and again the regiment opened and ceased firing, obeying
the bugle calls as promptly as if simply on drill.

General Terry at one time desired us to charge across the
marsh if it was practicable, and to send some one to examine the
ground. I called for half a dozen volunteers and thrice the number
sprang up immediately. I selected five, and after exploring they
reported that as far as I ordered them to go (150 or 200 yards),
the footing was very fair and they could see no creek. Satisfied
that there was one, I called again for volunteers and Lieutenant

62

Pocotaligo. October 22, 1862.

Perry and private Crabbe eagerly offering were accepted and
ordered to keep low and find the creek. Our men were notified
and cautioned not to hit them. They went, stooping under the
fire of both parties, two-thirds of the way across, and reported a
deep creek, of the character common here, with muddy banks and
low water. I sent the lieutenant to General Terry.

Though we prolonged the expenditure of ammunition as much
as possible, I was obliged to report that (if any was to be reserved
for future contingencies) it would soon be necessary to relieve us.

We had sometimes previously heard a locomotive whistle dur-
ing a lull, and there was repeatedly great cheering among the
rebels, for which (their fire having been repeatedly silenced) there
was no apparent cause, unless their re-enforcements had come up
through the woods in their rear. Such must have been the case,
for it required more constant work to keep their fire quiet and their
rifles were getting a better range of our position ; but they never
showed any disposition to cross to us. The Forty-Seventh Pennsyl-
vania was ordered to take our places after a time, and as we moved
by the right of companies to the rear, they promptly advanced and
opened a hot fire.

By General Terry's order we again formed in line a few
hundred yards back, and when the Forty-Seventh Pennsylvania had
taken a position back of us we filed into the road, and perhaps
1. 000 yards to the rear filed to the left, and again formed a line
perpendicular to the road, faced by the rear rank, our right resting
upon the road, while the Third New Hampshire, Colonel Jackson,
occupied a corresponding position across the way.

After all the wounded and stragglers had passed, by the gen-
eral's orders we took the road and proceded to Mackay's Point,
five or six miles distant, reaching it in about seven hours from the
time we ceased firing, our frequent halts were owing to regiments
ahead, and to the necessity of caring for the wounded. Upon reach-
ing the field hospital all our wounded were attended to, and as
weary as our men were, about twenty cheerfully volunteered to go
back and assist in bringing along others.

We bivouacked at the Point, and during the night obtained a
fresh supply of ammunition. In the morning, October 23rd. we
embarked on the "Boston," on which were about 120 dead and
wounded of various regiments, and returned to Hilton Head.

For every officer and non-commissioned officer (save possibly

63

At Hilton Head. October 22 to 31, 1862.

one of the latter). I have none but words of unqualified praise.
The captains have made written reports by name of all privates
who failed to keep the ranks throughout. The list is very small,
and those against whom the suspicion of cowardice or desertion
arises are very few indeed. Of the regiment as a body it is pre-
cisely true that it was regular, steady, promptly obedient and fully
under control every moment. I do not know what more I could
have asked of it. or asking could have obtained.

I have the honor to be very respectfully your obedient servant,

Joseph R. Hawley,
Colonel Seventh Connecticut Volunteers.
Capt. Theodore Bacon,

A. A. A. G. 2nd Brigade, 10th Army Corps.

The revised report of casualties in the Seventh on this
expedition gives two enlisted men killed, and twenty-
seven enlisted men wounded, total twenty-nine. The
casualties for the entire command were four officers and
thirty-nine enlisted men killed, thirteen officers and 281
enlisted men wounded, three enlisted men captured or miss-
ing ; aggregate casualties 340. The casualties of the
enemy were, 21 killed, 124 wounded, eighteen missing;
aggregate 163.

Among the incidents worthy of mention was the death
of Sergeant Reynolds of Company A. He was mortally
wounded in the fight, and his comrades carried him on a
blanket the six weary miles to the landing, only to see him
die after they reached there. He was a large, heavy man,
and frequently said, "Boys, this is too hard work for you ;
leave me here ;" but they could not bear to leave him while
life lasted.

On reaching Hilton Head the regiment went into camp
to rest, but yellow fever broke out at Headquarters, result-
ing in the death of General Mitchell and a captain of his
staff. One member of Company A of the Seventh on
detached service at Department Headquarters, namely,

64

At Beaufort. Nov. i to Dec. 31, 1862.

Wm. H. Harrison, was taken with the fever, was carried
to camp, and there cared for by two of his comrades, but
died.

On the 31st of October the regiment removed to Beau-
fort, the weather grew cooler and health improved.

In a general order issued by General Brannan com-
manding the corps, the general said of the troops: * *

"The commanding general has learned from the events
of this expedition that he can place the most implicit con-
fidence in the bravery and devotion of his troops, and feels
satisfied that in all subsequent operations the Tenth Army
Corps will proudly maintain the good reputation it so hardly
earned on the plains of the Pocotaligo."

The remainder of General Mitchell's staff went north.
General Terry in command of the Post at Hilton Head was
much occupied in looking after the health of the troops, and
was exceedingly popular.

Doctor Crane, the medical director, announced that the
last case of yellow fever was convalescent, and General
Saxton, who was practically military governor, appointed
Thursday, November 6th, a day of Thanksgiving.

Chaplain H. L. Wayland resigned and went north on
account of some informality in his appointment.

During December the regiment remained in camp at
Beaufort. Christmas was celebrated as a holiday in all
the camps. Extra dinners ; Christmas tree presents and
sports were the order of the day. The men had learned
new and better ways of cooking army fares and making
their quarters comfortable. They were neat in dress and par-
ticular about their accoutrements. Pay days in the depart-
ment were very irregular, which to those who had families
at home to support was inconvenient.

65

CHAPTER IX.

OFF FOR FLORIDA.

January, 1863, found the boys again at Camp Hitch-
cock, Hilton Head, in fine condition, Chaplain Wayland,
having been reappointed with all due formality, reported for
duty and was gladly welcomed.

The regiment went to work diligently improving the
camp and making itself comfortable in anticipation of
a long stay. But as usual on such occasions, orders came
to break camp and forsake our comfortable quarters. All
embarked on board the "Delaware," January 13th, except
the very sick and three men on detached service at Depart-
ment and Post Headquarters, and sailed to Fernandina,
Florida.

On the 19th of January, General Hunter assumed com-
mand of the Department of the South and the naval force
was increased. Colonel Hawley was in command at Fer-
nandina and Lieutenant Perry acting adjutant.

The regiment remained for about two months, the only
thing of importance recorded being that E. Lewis Moore
of Company G, who had been for some time a clerk at
Department Headquarters, was promoted to adjutant of
the Seventh ; joined the command at Fernandina, and was
assigned to duty as adjutant of the regiment and Post.*

On the 1st of April, the Steamer "Cossack" appeared
with orders for Colonel Hawley to proceed to Hilton Head
with five companies of his regiment to report for orders ;
the force to take three days' rations and outfit for field
service.

On the next day he sailed, as directed, leaving Lieuten-

*See Appendix No. 19.

66

Hilton Head and Fernandina. April i to 10, 1863.

ant Colonel Gardiner in command at Fernandina. Arriv-
ing at Hilton Head, his battalion was ordered to land and
encamp within the fort, while he was assigned to the com-
mand of the Post of Hilton Head, relieving General Terry,
who was ordered to join certain operations against Charles-
ton, which had already been initiated by the occupation of
Seabrook's Island.

After commanding the Post ten days, the greater part
of the expeditionary force returned to Hilton Head, General
Terry resumed command of the Post, and Colonel Hawley
with his force returned to Fernandina and he assumed
command of that Post.

The reason for this change of plans is given in official
reports. It seems that the plan was that the navy should
attempt to reduce the forts in Charleston Harbor, and at
the same time the land forces should proceed by way of
Edisto and Folly Islands to take the shore batteries.

The attempt of the navy failed, as is shown by the fol-
lowing letter from Admiral Du Pont :

Ironsides, April 8, 1863.
Maj. Gen. D. Hunter,

My Dear General :

I attempted to take the bull by the horns, but he was too much
for us. These monitors are miserable failures where forts are
concerned ; the longest was one hour and the others forty-five
minutes under fire, and five of the eight were wholly or partially
disabled.

I write this to say that the "Flambeau" will leave this morning
(or as soon as you may be ready), for Fortress Monroe. She has
very small accommodations, but if you desire to send a staff officer
home I will direct Captain Upshur to give him a passage.

I have sent the "Patapsco" to help take care of Port Royal.

I am, general, yours most truly,

S. F. Du Pont.

The sequel is shown by the following extracts from a
general order issued by General Hunter three days later :

67

Fernandina. April 8 to June 24, 1863.

"II. Gen. A. H. Terry's division will return to Port
Royal Harbor. Its disposition will be made in further orders.

III. The Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers,
Colonel Hawley, will return immediately to Fernandina,
Florida."

On the 19th of April Major Rodman, with Companies
A and B was ordered to Hilton Head.

On the 24th the troops received six months' pay to
February 28th.

May 8th Colonel Hawley with his regiment was
ordered to St. Augustine to garrison that Post, relieving
the Seventh Xew Hampshire.

The principal duty at St. Augustine was to regulate
and feed the resident population, numbering about 700
whites and 300 colored. A foraging party sent out by
Colonel Hawley brought in 150 head of cattle captured
from a Confederate contractor named Daniel Futch. One
hundred men were required daily for guard duty.

On the whole the period of about two months spent by
the regiment at St. Augustine was looked upon as one of
the easiest times of its service. Colonel Hawley went fish-
ing and caught a thirty-three pound bass. This story
sounds a little fishy, but is vouched for by the adjutant.

On the 17th of June the anniversary of the battle of
Bunker Hill was celebrated by a meeting in the church.
The celebration consisted of speeches by Colonel Hawley
and Lieutenants Dempsey and Wildman and music by the
glee club.

June 24th Companies I and K were ordered to join A
and B, under Major Rodman at Hilton Plead. From there
they proceeded under General Strong to Folly Island to
take part in the movement to be described in the next
chapter. Our narrative follows them there leaving the
other six companies quietly resting at St. Augustine.

68

CHAPTER X.

OPERATIONS AGAINST CHARLESTON.

The importance of the operations of the Union Army
against the defenses of Charleston during the summer of
1863 is little realized in popular history.

The reasons are evident. Three great armies were then
operating at Virginia, Port Hudson and Vicksburg. Their
very magnitude overshadowed the quiet work that General
Gillmore, with but 10,000 men, was laboriously prosecuting
at a point where newspaper correspondents were not
encouraged and sometimes not permitted.

For this reason it seems proper that we should not con-
fine the story of that campaign to the part in it taken by
the Seventh, but should sketch briefly the plan and execu-
tion of the general movement.

It is not too much to say that in that campaign more
ingenuity was displayed, more devotion and bravery exer-
cised, and more knowledge gained in the science of ord-
nance and fortifications than at any other place or period
during the civil war.

Of this Major General Halleck, General-in-Chief, wrote:
"General Gillmore's operations have been characterized by
great skill and boldness. He has overcome difficulties
almost unknown in modern sieges. Indeed, his operations
on Morris Island constitute a new era in the science of
engineering and gunnery."

A writer in the French Journal of Military Science
writes :

" Prodigies of talent, audacity, intrepidity and persever-
ance are exhibited in the attack as in the defense of this

69

Operations Against Charleston. June, 1863.

city, which will assign to the siege of Charleston an excep-
tional place in military annals."

Lastly, Viscount Wolseley, Adjutant General of the
British Army, in reviewing a collection of historical papers
writes : "Were I bound to select out of all four volumes
the set of papers which appears of most importance at the
present moment, not only from an American, but also from
a European point of view, I should certainly name those
which describe the operations at Charleston."*

Toward the close of May, 1863, General Gillmore was
ordered to Washington, and informed that the Navy
Department wished to make another trial of the iron-clad
gunboats against the defenses of Charleston Harbor. He
was asked what part the small land force available for the
purpose could efficiently take in such an operation.

His opinion in substance was, that Fort Sumter could
be reached and its offensive power practically destroyed,
without any material increase of the land and naval forces
then serving in the Department of the South ; but sug-
gested that there should be a "cordial and energetic co-op-
eration between the two branches of the service," and that
the naval commander should be one who had "confidence
in the efficiency of the monitors and their adaptation to
such work, and was willing to risk his reputation in the
development of their untried powers."

He also suggested that the most that the land forces
could accomplish was the demolition of Fort Sumter. A
land attack against Charleston was not contemplated. The
naval authorities then at the seat of the government
regarded Fort Sumter as the key to the position.

The final result of the conference was that General
Gillmore was placed in command of the Department of the

*North American Review, November, 1889.

70

Operations Against Charleston. June 12, 1863.

South and Rear Admiral Dahlgren in command of that
portion of the navy which was to co-operate with him. No
written instructions whatever were given by the War
Department ; everything connected with the operations of
the land forces being left to General Gillmore's discretion
and judgment.

He assumed command of the Department of the South
June 12, 1863. The Union forces then controlled the coast
from Light House Inlet to St. Augustine, a distance of
nearlv 250 miles. The positions actually occupied by our
troops were : Folly Island, Seabrooks Island on the North
Edisto, Saint Helena Island, Port Royal Island, Hilton
Head Island, Tybee Island, Fort Pulaski, Ossabaw Island,
Fort Clinch, Amelia Island, and the city of St. Augustine.*
The forces were withdrawn from Ossabaw Sound and the
North Edisto, and joined the main force; making nearly
11,000 men available for operation against Fort Sumter.

The plan outlined by General Gillmore was as follows :

1. To erect on the north end of Folly Island masked
batteries strong enough to silence the battery of the enemy
nearly completed on the south end of Morris Island.

This was done successfully by Gen. I. Vogdes' com-
mand, and screened by the undergrowth so that the enemy
was not aware of the nature of the works until they were
discovered by a Confederate scouting party two days
before the attack. f

2. In order to make the real attack a surprise, Gen-
eral Terry with about 3,800 men, was directed to make
demonstration on James Island by way of Stono River,
with the hope of drawing a part of the Morris Island gar-
rison in that direction. He was supported by the gunboat

*The last three in Florida — the rest in South Carolina and
Georgia.

f Appendix No. 18, page 61.

7i

Approach^ to CHAJALiiLsiTOJsL June 18 to July io, 1863.

"Pawnee" and two lightly armed transports. This move-
ment, as was afterward ascertained, was successful.

3. For the purpose of delaying re-enforcements from
Savannah, Col. T. W. Higginson, with a regiment of
colored troops, was ordered to ascend the South Edisto
river and cut the Charleston and Savannah railroad at
Jacksborough. This movement signally failed with a loss
to us of two pieces of field artillery and a small steamer
which was burned to prevent its falling into the hands of
the enemy.

It had been planned to make the real attack on Morris
Island on the 8th of July, but for some reasons, mainly the
unseaworthy condition of the boats, it wras determined to
defer it until the following night.

Early on the 9th about 2,000 men under command of
General Strong,* were ordered to have three days' cooked
rations on hand and be ready to march at about sunset
that night. The part taken by the battalion of the Seventh
is condensed from official reports as follows :

"We (the Seventh) were assigned the post of honor on
the right of General Strong's brigade, supported by the
Sixth Connecticut Volunteers. The brigade was formed
and marched across Folly Island. To prevent any mistake
in the night, each officer and man had on his left arm a
white badge three inches wide, sewed to his blouse.

We embarked in Folly River and rowed up Lighthouse
Inlet and halted at a point close to the east side of the
inlet, where we were screened from the enemy on Morris
Island by the marsh grass. Shortly after daybreak our bat-
teries on Folly Island opened and were served rapidly for
about two hours.

Soon the enemy discovered our boats and opened upon
them with shell and solid shot. Though the river was full

* Appendix No. 21.

72

Assault on Morris Island. July io, 1863.

of boats, but one was struck, containing some of the Sixth
Connecticut ; one man was killed and one or two wounded.
The shots struck and shells burst all around us, making our
position anything but pleasant.

About this time two discharges of grape seemed to
envelop General Strong's boat, but strange to say, no one
was hit. Just at this moment Colonel Rodman begged
General Strong to let him land his command, declaring
emphatically that they could take the battery. The general
at first hesitated ; then said, "Go." Then Rodman stood
in the stern of his boat and said, "Seventh Connecticut, man
your oars and follow me."

Oarsmen had previously been designated for each boat
and they were all in line and in good order. They imme-
diately headed for the shore and as the boats struck the
sand, each man sprang out as if by instinct and in an instant
all were in line on the beach. Captain Chamberlain sent
forward skirmishers under Lieutenant Van Keuren, and we
advanced rapidly to the first line of rifle pits. Our skir-
mishers cleared it at a bound and advanced to the second
line, while our main force occupied the first line ; the foe
retired, firing. Rodman now sent word back to General
Strong to land the entire force, as we could hold the line
we then occupied. Colonel Rodman sent Company B to
the left and Company I to the right, to engage the enemy
in the battery and drive him out if possible, while A and K
held the line already occupied. The brigade soon landed.
The Sixth Connecticut rowed to the right in the face of
the enemy's batteries, landed on the southeasterly point of
the island, and formed the right of the column, while the bat-
talion of the Seventh led the advance on the left and center.

The two columns now moved forward under a lively
discharge of shell, grape and canister, converging towards
the works nearest the southern extremity of the island and

73

f .%

Assault on Morris Island. July io, 1863.

thence along its commanding ridge and eastern coast, cap-
turing successively the eight batteries of one heavy gun
each, occupying the commanding points of that ridge,
besides two batteries, mounting, together, three ten-inch
sea coast mortars.

Captain Burdick on the left, captured a number of
prisoners and one or two camps. Lieutenant Jordan, with
a detachment of Company I rushed into their battery on
the right and finding the first gun disabled by a shot, pushed
forward to what was afterward named Battery Rodman,
in which was an eight-inch sea coast howitzer, turned it
on the retreating foe, and burst several shells over their
heads before they reached Fort Wagner.

By nine o'clock the entire southern part of the island was
occupied, capturing twelve batteries, five stand of colors
(among which was a battle flag inscribed "Pocotaligo,
October 22, 1862"), about 127 prisoners including three
commissioned officers, considerable camp equipage and
ammunition, and several horses and mules.

The loss on the Union side was one officer and fourteen
enlisted men killed and one officer and ninety men wounded ;
total 106. On the Confederate side, three officers and
thirty-seven men killed; eight officers and 166 men
wounded; three officers and 124 men captured, total 303.

About one mile from Fort Wagner and within range of
its guns, the Seventh New Hampshire was stationed under
cover of the sand hills ; two companies were thrown out as
a picket line within four or five hundred yards of the fort.

The battalion of the Seventh Connecticut, utterly
exhausted by two sleepless nights and the battle of the
morning, was halted under cover of the hills and the sound
of bursting shells over the heads of the men was more
terrifying than dangerous. That night, the first one out
of three, they lay down to sleep.

74

CHAPTER XI.

FIRST CHARGE ON WAGNER.

About 2.30 on the morning of July nth, General Strong
came and called Lieutenant Colonel Rodman out for a short
consultation. When he returned, he said to the officers,
"Turn out, we have a job on hand." They well knew what
that meant. The men were aroused from sleep, formed
into line, pieces loaded and primed and bayonets fixed.
Silently and quietly they moved up to our advanced picket
line. General Strong was there. He informed them that
the fort was to be assaulted, that they were chosen as the
"Forlorn Hope," and that there were but three guns that
looked this way. He directed them to move quietly
forward until the enemy's pickets fired, then follow
them close and rush for the work, and they should
have prompt support. "If you fire, aim low, but
don't stop to fire ; trust in God and give them
the bayonet."* "Forward the Seventh" was the order,
and forward they went. Soon the enemy's pickets
opened fire, and scarcely waiting for the order the Seventh
took up the double quick step with a cheer and rushed for
the works. Before reaching the outer work, a murderous
fire of musketry met them and a few men fell, temporarily
checking the advance.

An encouraging word from the officers restored order,
and right gallantly they sped to the outer work, over it
with a will, down into and across the moat, through water
about a foot deep, and scrambled up the slope of the

*General Strong was a fine type of the true Christian soldier.
One who was wounded in that charge afterward said to the writer :
"When I learned what we were to do my knees shook so that I
thought I should drop, but the way General Strong said Trust in
God' braced me right up, I never thought of myself after that."

75

First Charge on Wagner. July ii, 1863.

parapet where they lay down so near the crest that one had
but to raise his head, and rest his gun upon the parapet to
kill his man. There they lay busying themselves with pick-
ing off sharpshooters and gunners while anxiously awaiting
the promised support. All were doing their best to keep
down the fire of the o-arrison and a few cases of individual
bravery were specially noticed and reported.

Quite a number of the garrison were killed or wounded,
while our men were in that position. Captain Gray said
to private William DeWitt of Company A, who lay by his
side, "Shoot that gunner." He rose, took deliberate aim
and fired. At the same time a bullet hit him in the head
and he fell with his gun across the parapet.

In the meantime what had become of the supporting
column? These were the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania in
close column, and after them the Ninth Maine. When the
Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania had come within range of 200
yards the enemy opened simultaneously along his whole
line, and the column halted and lay down. Though they
remained but a short time in that position, that halt was
fatal, for the interval was lost and the garrison filing out
of the bomb-proof gathered in the flank of a bastion and
poured an enfilading fire along the parapet, while others
threw hand grenades from within the fort.

The Pennsylvanians soon rose and moved gallantly up
to the ditch on the right and the Ninth Maine on the left,
but only to a useless sacrifice, for the 1,200 men in the fort
with their three cannon were by this time mowing them
down, and nothing was left for them but to join the retreat.
Their mistake cost them dear ; their casualties were in that
short period 180.

Of them. General Strong said in his official report :

"The Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania Regiment, heretofore
bearing the reputation of a most gallant and thoroughly

76

First Charge on Wagner. July ii, 1863.

disciplined organization, will have another and early oppor-
tunity to efface the remembrance of their involuntary fault.
The causes of their failure, and hence the failure of the
assault, were, first the sudden, tremendous and simultaneous
fire which all encountered, and second, the absence of their
colonel, who was taken ill before the column was put in
motion."

Before the support came on "the forlorn hope" had
quickly to choose whether to surrender, to rush down into
the fort to certain annihilation, or to run the gauntlet of
fire from the cannon and musketry of the garrison. The
last was chosen.

Reluctantly Lieutenant Colonel Rodman gave the order
to retreat. Down the slope, across the moat and along the
beach they ran, with a strong enfilading fire of musketry,
besides three cannon from the fort pouring out grape and
canister. This cut them down on all sides. Lieutenant
Colonel Rodman was shot first in the side ; then a grape
shot plowed through his left leg. This was about 150 yards
from the fort. Lieutenant Green stopped to help him and
he was shot in the leg. Others went to his assistance and
four men carried him to camp, dodging down their heads
every time a charge of grape or canister came along. This
so added to the colonel's suffering that he said, "Stand up,
they can't hit you." General Strong, who met them on
their return, said with tears in his eyes : "Ah, my brave
fellows, you deserved a better fate ; you have covered your-
selves with glory."

About fifteen minutes after reaching camp, the roll was
called and only eighty-eight men responded. The whole
number who went into the fight were eleven officers and
185 men. Capt. Theodore Burdick, Lieut. John H. Wilson
and twenty-five enlisted men were killed, two officers and
forty-two enlisted men wounded, and four officers and fifty-

77

First Charge on Wagner. July ii, 1863.

four men captured. Of the fifty-four captured, eighteen
were wounded and sixteen afterward died in prison from
wounds or privation, so that though the official report of
casualties gives an aggregate loss of 103 in killed, wounded
and missing, the actual loss of life in consequence of the
charge was forty-three, more than one-fifth of those who
were engaged.

The following lines which were read at a reunion of the
right flank company are here published by request.

THE FIRST CHARGE ON WAGNER.

At Morris Isle on a summer night,

Near where the waves flashed phosphor light,

A tired battalion of soldiers lay;

Companies A, B, I and K.
Wean- with waiting on Folly's shore,
Weary with watching the night before.

Weary with fighting from early dawn

Through the sultry hours of a July morn,
Beyond the hilltops' wavy crest,
They laid them down for a needed rest ;

And with labored breathing, long and deep,

Fast were locked in dreamless sleep.

The red half moon began to glower
Over Saint Michael's steepled tower,*

When 'mid the sleepers a tumult began

Spreading itself from man to man.
Hark, 'tis the sergeant's muffled voice,
"Fall in ! the Seventh, fall in here boys !"

They spring to their feet with sleepy stare;

They brush the sand from out their hair,
Rifle and cartridge box they grasp.
Around their waists their belts they clasp,

And rolling their blankets with hasty care,

They fall in line; none are missing then.

*St. Michael's Church — a prominent object in Charleston as
seen from Morris Island.

78

First Charge on Wagner. July ii, 1863.

They march toward Wagner along the beach
Until our picket post they reach ;

Then halt and rest the line along.
When out to the front steps General Strong.
"Men, where yon fort's embrasures yawn,
Our flag must float when the day shall dawn
And yours be the honor the charge to lead,
Brave hearts and strong hands your efforts need,
When you fire aim low. and trust in God
And give them the bayonet;" then with a nod
To Colonel Rodman he seeks the rear
And "Forward the Seventh" comes firm and clear.

Many a man when soul is fired

With rage or with battle's zeal inspired

Will face his death with unflinching brow,

But when the pulse is cool and slow,
When brain is still and thought is clear.
None but a hero can conquer fear.

The little band of companies four

Who heard that word upon the shore,
Might well with fluttering heart-beat send
A farewell thought to home and friend,

Or lift to Heaven a silent prayer;

For they knew that Death was in the air.
But as they march to meet their fate
Their step is true and their line is straight,

Elbow to elbow, each to each

They firmly tread the silent beach.

In their faces the guns of the picket flash
"Double Quick ! Charge !" and on they dash

Met by the deafening roar and crash

Of bursting shell and musket's flash.
Quick in the moat their knees are wet :
Quickly they mount the parapet :

They throw themselves upon the fort

To await the arrival of their support,
Loading and firing they hold their place.
Looking thrice their number in the face.

"Now if our comrades were only here

We'd carry the fort with a rush and cheer,

79

First Charge on Wagner. July ii, 1863.

Where linger the regiments in the rear,

Who shoulder to shoulder were marching near."
Alas, the enemy's murderous fire
Has checked their advance, will they retire?

Later they charge, but they charge too late

To save their brothers from adverse fate.
So the little band on the fort who lie
Must choose to surrender, retreat or die.

"Retreat" was Rodman's reluctant word,

"Save himself who can'' and those who heard
Helping the wounded and leaving the dead,
Back, back through the fiery gauntlet sped,

While the roar and whistle and hum and buzz

Of grape and canister around them rose.

One hundred and ninety-six all told

Had taken part in that charge so bold,

But when they returned to their bivouac
Only just eighty-eight came back.

Some in their last long sleep lay low

"With their backs to the field and their feet to the foe"
Some maimed or surrounded by hostile foes
Were compelled to surrender; and out of those

Full many by wounds or privation died.

Where in Southern prisons for home they sighed.
One-fifth of those who joined the strife,
There gave their lives for the nation's life.

All honor to them, and when we meet

Our comrades old of the Seventh to greet.

The Seventh, which faced Confederate lines
From Florida's swamps to Virginia's pines.

Be our hand-clasp warmest, our welcome best

For those who charged upon Wagner's crest.

Colonel Olmstead, who with his command was in the fort, relates this inci-
dent : "Immediately after the action a singular instance of the ups and downs
and uncertainties of warfare was brought to our attention. Among the first
troops to enter Fort Pulaski at its capture in the previous year was the Seventh
Connecticut regiment, then commanded by Colonel Alfred H. Terry (subsequently
Major General). Both officers and men had behaved toward us with great kind-
ness during the few days that we remained at the fort after its capture, and we
had become personally acquainted with them. Now we were the victors and
among the prisoners brought in at our end of the line were many of our old friends
of the Seventh Connecticut, who recognized us and called us by name.— "Defense
of Charleston," p. 95.

Col. Olmstead attended a reunion of the Seventh at Lakeville in 1887, and
seemed to enjoy it as much as did the "boys in blue."- Compiler.

80

CHAPTER XII.

SECOND CHARGE ON WAGNER.

Notwithstanding the failure of the first assault, General
Gillmore hoped with the combined fire of land batteries and
gunboats, the principal guns in Fort Wagner might be dis-
abled, and the enemy be driven away ; or at least the way
opened for a successful assault. Accordingly four sand
batteries were erected within an average distance of about
1, 600 yards from the fort. These mounted fourteen
mortars and twenty-seven rifled guns.

Such expedition was used that on the 18th of July they
were ready to open fire. It was designed to attack on the
1 6th, but heavy rain storms submerged nearly all of the
batteries and destroyed much powder. This compelled a
delay of two days, during which only sufficient firing was
done to obtain the range of the mortars.

In the meantime the Confederates were improving their
opportunity to strengthen the fort. The magazine was
thickly covered, the embrasures were stopped with sand
bags, even covering up many of the lighter guns on the
land side so as to preserve them from injury until they
should be wanted.

Soon after midday all our batteries opened, and the
navy, which had been awaiting their completion, closed in
opposite the fort and took an active and effective part in
the engagement.

In a short time the fort was entirely silent on the face
fronting the land batteries, and practically so on the sea
front, from which, at the commencement of the action a
sharp and severe fire had been delivered against the fleet.
Some sixty guns or more, from the land and naval forces

81

Second Charge on Wagner. July 18, 1863.

were opposed by forty or more Confederate guns from
Wagner, Gregg, Sumter, Moultrie and James Island, mak-
ing in all about 100 guns of heavy caliber which thundered
incessantly for nearly eight hours. A dense cloud of smoke
hung over the fort, the batteries and the ships of war,
while the deafening roar of heavy ordnance seemed
unbroken. The tide serving about 4 P. M., the monitors
closed in within about 300 yards of Wagner, dismounting
two guns and totally silencing the sea face for the day.

Late in the afternoon, General Gillmore signalled to
Rear Admiral Dahlgren that the assault would be made at
twilight. This signal was read by a Confederate officer,
who by a Ruse de Guerre* had managed to get the key of
our signals from a Union prisoner.

Consequently as the head of the column marched out
into open ground from the first parallel, the guns in Wag-
ner, Gregg, Sumter, and on James and Sullivan's Island
opened upon it rapidly and simultaneously. This fire was
severe, and when our troops approached so .near the fort
that the fire from our guns and the navy had to be sus-
pended, the garrison, which, while our fire was going on,
had been safely ensconced in the bomb-proof, ushered and
added to the cannonade a destructive musketry fire.

The leading regiment, the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts,
went forward on the double quick until they reached the
moat. There the fire was so hot that they were temporarily
checked, but being rallied by Colonel Shaw, made their way
up the slope against the opposing bayonets of the enemy to
the top of the parapet, driving the enemy from most of
their guns. "It was here, on the crest of the parapet, that
Colonel Shaw fell ; here fell Captains Russell and Simkins ;
here also were many of the officers wounded." The colors
of the regiment reached the crest and were there fought

^Stratagem of war.

82

Second Charge on Wagner. July 18, 1863.

for by the enemy ; the State flag- was torn from its staff,
but the staff remained with the color bearer.*

The fight raged here for about an hour. Putnam's bri-
gade, which supported the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts also
reached the parapet, and made every possible effort to
capture it, but finally many officers and about 1,000 men
having been killed or wounded, a retreat was ordered.

In the meantime, the Sixth Connecticut under command
of Colonel Chatfield, advanced on the flank along the beach
until in front of the stockade, when it was formed facing
Fort Wagner. About 6.30 P. M. it was formed in column
of companies, closed in mass, advanced upon the enemy's
works in good order, across the moat, and entered the fort
at the southeastern angle. Here it held its position in the
fort for about three hours, when, as it was found impos-
sible to obtain re-enforcements, orders were given to retire
as quietly as possible.

In this assault ten regiments and two independent bat-
talions were engaged, numbering about 6,000 men. Their
losses were 246 killed, 880 wounded, 389 prisoners or mis-
sing.

During this fight the few men of the Seventh Connect-
icut who escaped from the first charge, amounting to about
seventy, acted as provost guard under the command of
Lieut. I. E. Hicks, Provost Marshall. General Strong
directed them to act as rear guard and "let no man pass to
the rear unless he was dead."

During the first hour or two they could obey orders,
but when the final order to retreat was given, with General
Strong, Colonel Chatfield, Colonel Shaw and many of their
other officers killed or seriously wounded and the converg-
ing fire of more than forty cannon raking their ranks, an

*Colonel Hallowell's report official records, Vol. 28, part 1,
page 362.

83

Second Charge on Wagner. July 18, 1863.

orderly retreat would have been as unwise as it was impossi-
ble. It was every man for himself, and the fleeing columns
came on like a whirlwind, not stopping until they reached
their camp. There they pulled themselves together and
many of the officers commenced drill for the sake of steady-
ing their nerves, and making them ready to repel a sally
from the fort should one be attempted.

The chief loss fell on the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts,
colored regiment. It had been recruited from the best
colored men of Boston and vicinity. Governor Andrew
requested Colonel Shaw to take the command. He had a
choice betwen this and an exceedingly desirable commission
in a white regiment, but accepted the command of the
colored regiment, because of a chivalrous desire to help
a despised race lift themselves up to the respect and honor
of their fellow men.

He had asked that they might lead the charge, but
General Strong, knowing the bitterness of the South toward
colored soldiers first asked them if they were willing; they
replied that they were.

The Confederate General Ripley in speaking of them
says :

"The carnage of the enemy in the confined space in
front of battery was extreme. The ditch and glacis were
encumbered with the slain of all ranks and colors, for the
enemy had put the poor negroes, whom they had forced
into an unnatural service, in front, to be, as they were,
slaughtered indiscriminately. The white colonel, who com-
manded them, fell with many officers of the regiment (the
Fifty-fourth Massachusetts) and the colors under which
they were sent to butchery by hypocrisy and inhumanity
fell, draggled in blood and sand, in the ditch, a mournful
memorial of the waste of industry.''

The contempt which the Confederates felt for white

84

Second Charge of Wagner. July 18, 1863.

officers commanding colored troops was shown by burying
Colonel Shaw in the same trench with his men; as one
coldly expressed it, "We buried him with his niggers."

Note. So did the North and South misunderstand each other.
While Charleston inflicted a harmless indignity upon Colonel Shaw's
lifeless body, Boston honored his immortal soul by erecting at the
head of Boston Common the finest regimental monument in the
country, and placing upon it among others the following inscrip-
tions :

"O Fair Haired Northern hero with thy guard of dusky hue
Up from the field of battle rise to the last review."

"Stainless soldier on the walls, knowing this and knows no more,
Whoever fights, whoever falls, justice conquers evermore."

The north end of Morris Island has been washed away and
the site of Fort Wagner is now several feet under water.* As the
tide of the ocean has buried the scene of that strife, so the tide
of human affairs has buried the animosities which caused it. The
race question is still unsettled, but already good men, North and
South, are bringing to its settlement not bitterness and hatred,
but kindness and love of humanity.

^Vincent's Creek is filled with sand. Cumming's Point has
entirely disappeared, and the site of Wagner is covered with water
at everv high tide.

85

CHAPTER XIII.

Till-: SIEGE OE WAGNER.

The formidable strength of Fort Wagner as developed
by the second charge induced a change in plans. Arrange-
ments were therefore made to press the siege by regular
approaches, though the obstacles to be overcome were great.
The work was inclosed and occupied the entire breadth of
the island, extending from high water mark on the east,
to Vincent's Creek and the impassable marshes on the
west ; so presenting a front more than three times the
width that could be given to our approaches by taking
advantage of the solid ground, while as we neared the work
this ratio reached as high as ten to one. Its faces were
mutually defensive, and were completely and thoroughly
flanked. It was constructed of compact sand, upon which
the heaviest projectiles produced but little effect, and in
which damages could be easily and speedily repaired. It
was known to contain a secure and capacious bomb-proof
shelter for its entire garrison, and to be armed with between
fifteen and twenty guns of various calibers, all bearing upon
and completely covering the only approach to it, which was
over a shallow and shifting beach of scarcely over half a
company front in width in many places, subject to frequent
overflow by the tides, and swept by the guns of not only
Fort Wagner itself, but of Battery Gregg, Fort Sumter and
several heavily armed batteries on James and Sullivan's
Islands. Its communication with Charleston being in the
hands of the enemy, and entirely practicable to him during
the night, its armament and garrison could be easily main-
tained at the maximum standard of strength and efficiency.

Col. E. W. Serrell of the New York Volunteer

86

Siege of Wagner. July, 1863.

Engineers was charged with the construction of wharves
in Lighthouse Inlet on Morris and Folly Islands, while to
Maj. T. B. Brooks, aide-de-camp, was intrusted the direction
of the engineering operations on the right, comprising the
approaches to Fort Wagner, and the construction of such
batteries, magazines, defensive arrangements, etc., as might
be required in that quarter.

Between the 18th and 23rd of July, the first position
occupied by our right batteries was converted into a strong
defensive line, capable of resisting a formidable sortie.
From that time this line became the "first parallel."*

A row of inclined palisading, reaching entirely across
the island, was planted about 200 yards in advance of the
line, with a return of fifty yards on the right This return
was well flanked by two guns on the right of the parallel.
The parapet between the guns was arranged for infantry
defense, a bomb-proof magazine was constructed and the
armament of the line modified and increased, so that the
parallel contained eight siege and field guns, ten siege
mortars, and three Requa's rifle batteries.

Since a majority of the readers of this narrative are
supposed to be unfamiliar with military terms, it seems
necessary to explain as briefly as possible the process of
siege approaches. A "Requa Battery'' above referred to was
a new arm made solely for defense against sorties. It con-
sisted of twenty-five rifle barrels each twenty-four inches
long, arranged side by side and held in position upon a light
field carriage by an iron frame. They were breech-loading,
having a sliding bar worked by one lever on each side,
by which the cartridges were forced into the rear of the
chamber. By another lever the barrels could be diverged
so as to scatter the balls 120 yards in a distance of
1,000.

*See Gillmore's Report O. R. Vol. 28, part 1, page 17.

87

Siege of Wagner. July, 1863.

When served by three men the battery could be readily
fired seven volleys or 175 shots per minute. Up to the
23rd of August these batteries constituted the only artillery
in advance of the second parallel. On several occasions
they were used against the enemy's sharpshooters and work-
ing parties, apparently with good effect. Though there
was no need to use them in repelling assaults, they would
probably have given good account of themselves had such
movements been attempted

Having thus explained the means of holding all the
advance gained, it remains to describe the means by which
advances were made.

A trench was dug diagonally toward the fort two feet
deep and four feet wide, the earth being thrown toward the
fort. In order to protect the sappers from the fire of the
fort a sap roller was used. This was a roller nine feet
long and four feet in diameter, made of coarse wicker work
of hoop iron stretched between wooden ends and filled
with fagots. It was kept between the sappers and the line
of sharpest fire by rolling it along as the work progressed.
As the bank of sand was completed it was revetted to its
place by laying bags filled with sand upon it. This con-
stituted what is called a full sap.

A flying sap was made by placing fascines or gabions
on the side of the proposed trench toward the enemy and
throwing the sand upon them. In this way much more
rapid progress could be made than with the full sap.
Fascines were bundles of fagots nine inches in diameter
and twelve, sixteen or eighteen feet long. Gabions were
wicker work baskets of hoop iron without ends, three feet
long and two feet in diameter. After a flying sap had been
run it afforded sufficient protection from the enemy's fire
so that it could be strengthened if necessary..

Before giving a detailed account of the progress of

Siege of Wagner.

July, 1863.

the sap beyond the second parallel other movements
demand attention.

General Gillmore determined to establish directly in the
rear of the second parallel a heavy battery of rifled guns
for the purpose of battering down Fort Sumter.

For this purpose two eight-inch Parrott rifles and five
100-pounder Parrott rifles were mounted at an average
distance of 3,525 yards from Fort Sumter. A ten-inch
Parrott rifle arrived from the North, and with a view to

From Hist 1st Lt. Batt'v.

SWAMP ANGEL.

security from the enemy's fire was placed on the left and
rear of the Beacon House. There were also placed at that
location at an average distance of 4,300 yards (nearly two
and a half miles) from Fort Sumter, two eight-inch Parrott
rifles and four 100-pounder Parrott rifles.

It was thought best also to place a rifled gun at such a
point on the island that it would reach the lower end of the
city of Charleston so that in an emergency that portion of
the city could be made untenable.

89

Siege of Wagner. August, 1863.

Colonel Serrell of the New York Volunteer Engineers
was charged with this work. The most convenient point
was in a marsh on the left. It consisted of a bed of soft
black mud, from sixteen to eighteen feet deep, overgrown
with weeds and grass, traversed by numerous deep, crooked
bayous and subject to daily overflow by the tides.

A man walking there would sink in two feet or more,
and two men standing on a plank could shake the mud like
jelly for several feet around them. Colonel Serrell
instructed a lieutenant of his regiment to survey it and make
requisition for whatever was needed for constructing a bat-
tery and mounting the gun. To him the order seemed a
tremendous joke. He made requisition among other things
for 1,000 men each eighteen feet high. Colonel Serrell
was offended with him for such trifling, and sent him
before a court martial. Of course the court had to find
him guilty and sentenced him to be reprimanded by his
colonel in the presence of his company.

Colonel Serrell took up the matter and reported that he
thought a gun not weighing over 10,000 pounds could be
drawn across the marsh on skids framed together to slip
on the mud, similar to those used by Xapoleon for crossing
the Alps on the snow.

He made a foundation by laying down pine logs with
others across them in the form of a hollow square, then
forced down piles around the center and filled in the space
with plank and sand bags so as to make the gun rest on
its own foundation. Three hundred and seven tons of
timber were used and 812 tons of sand and sand bags, with
the result that on the 7th of August the battery was
ready for the gun.

We now return to the part taken in the operations by
the Seventh Connecticut.

When the news of the first assault reached St. Augus-

90

Siege of Wagner. August, 1863.

tine, Colonel Hawley wrote requesting- that the six com-
panies of his regiment there might be relieved from garrison
duty and ordered into active service. The request was
granted.

The Forty-eighth Xew York was sent to St. Augustine
relieving the Seventh Connecticut, which reached Folly
Island August 4th, and from there proceeded to Morris
Island joining the other four companies. From that time
onward the regiment was constantly engaged in digging
sand, carrying siege material, or serving artillery.

On the night of the 23rd of July the second parallel had
been established by the flying sap, and by the 26th its
defensive arrangements were practically complete, compris-
ing 290 linear yards of parapet arranged for infantry fire
and twenty-one pieces of light artillery. By this time Gen-
eral Gillmore was convinced that the only hope of the fort
depended upon powerful sorties.

Anticipating these, a large body of men was called up
at three o'clock every morning, and remained under arms
until reveille.

The following account of the siege of Wagner and
bombardment of Sumter is condensed from General Gill-
more's official reports.

"On the 9th of August Major Brooks was directed to
establish the third parallel with riving sap, about 330 yards
in advance of the right of the second parallel, and to
commence the approaches between the two parallels by the
same method.

From this period forward the fire from James Island,
Wagner, Gregg, and Sumter, and from the enemy's sharp-
shooters in Fort Wagner, was severe and almost unceasing.
Indeed, on the 10th, our advance was stopped entirely from
this cause, and it became a question of grave doubt whether
we could push forward our trenches much farther with the

91

Siege of Wagner. August, 1863.

advantages so entirely on the side of the enemy. Mean-
while the garrison of Fort Sumter was industriously
engaged in strengthening its passive means of defense.
Sand bags were piled up against the gorge walls from its
junction with the northwest face to the sally port so as
to protect the magazine near that angle. The sand bag
filling of the gorge casemates was greatly added to, and the
traverses on the terreplein* were enlarged.

At this period of the siege it was not supposed that it
would be necessary to sap entirely up to Fort Wagner, in
order to insure its capture, for on the presumption that Fort
Sumter would be demolished from positions which we then
held, it was considered probable that a complete investment
of Morris Island at night could be established and main-
tained by picket boats. Our batteries stopped the com-
munication by day.

An attempt to illuminate the waters near Cumming's
Point with calcium lights placed in the left batteries, was
but partially successful, as the distance (over 3,000 yards)
was too great for the apparatus which we had. The idea
was to throw a cone of light upon the water approach, and
station the guard boats in the obscurity just outside the
lateral limits of the cone. The plan, I am convinced, was
entirely practicable, and with powerful reflectors and an
efficient picket boat organization would have given decisive
results.

It was decided not to push the sap toward Fort Wagner
beyond the third parallel until the fire upon Fort Sumter
had been opened.

My communication to the general-in-chief, of August
10th, is as follows:

*Terreplein — The top of the rampart on which cannon are
placed.

Q2

Siege of Wagner. August, 1863.

Headquarters Department of the South.

Morris Island, S. C, August 10, 1863.
Mat. Gen. H. W. Halleck,

General-in-Chief, U. S. Army, Washington, D .C. :
Sir :

I have to acknowledge receipt of your communication of the
28th ultimo, in answer to my request for re-enforcements. The
unexpected reduction of my effective force by sickness was. at the
time I wrote, quite alarming. I admit that I had not taken into
consideration the probable effect of the resumption of active opera-
tions upon men who had been idle for an entire year. It has, in
truth, acted like a process of reacclimation. All but two regiments
of the forces ordered from Major-General Foster's department are
here.

If my command continues to improve in health, I shall require
no more men than I now have, to accomplish the reduction of Fort
Sumter. After that is done, the monitors must take the lead in
accordance with the project which was discussed and informally
adopted when I left Washington.

General Beauregard has, for the defense of Charleston, twice
as many men and more than five times as much artillery as I have.
I therefore beg the Department not to lose sight of the fact that
after the gate is opened to the monitors and ironclads, by the
reduction of Fort Sumter, the army here, so long as it remains
greatly inferior in numbers to that of the enemy, must remain
defensively upon the sea. islands.

My operations are progressing satisfactorily. I expect to open
a heavy fire on Fort Sumter on the 14th instant.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Q. A. Gillmore,
Brigadier-General commanding.

On the 1 6th of August, I wrote to the general-in-chief
as follows :

Headquarters Department of the South.

Morris Island, S. C, August 16, 1863.
Mat. Gen. H. W. Halleck,

General-in-Chief, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.

Sir :

I have to report a steady progress in our operations here. In
consequence of the inferior and irregular quality of the only powder

93

Siege of Wagner. Aug. 17 to Sept. 2, 1863.

in this department suitable for heavy guns, a fact which was not
suspected by my ordnance officer until developed by our preliminary
practice after the magazines had been filled, I was unable to open
my batteries on the 14th, agreeably to my expectations, as stated
in my letter of the 10th instant.

I have borrowed some powder from the navy, which (with
some recently arrived from the north) will enable me to open
to-morrow, the 17th inst. Two monitors, with one rifled gun each,
are expected to co-operate with me against Sumter, at a distance
of about 2,000 yards. The others will remain abreast of Fort
Wagner, to keep down its fire.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Q. A. GlLLMOREj

Brigadier-General commanding.

August 1 6th General Gillmore issued an order directing
that the breaching batteries should open on Sumter at day-
break on the morning of the 17th. The batteries served
by the Seventh Connecticut were as follows :

Battery Hearncy, First Lieut. S. S. Atwell, Seventh
Connecticut Volunteer Infantry Commanding, comprising
three thirty-pounder Parrott rifles and three Coehorn
mortars.

The guns to operate against Battery Gregg with shot
and shell unless otherwise directed, and the mortars against
Fort Wagner, exploding the shell just over the forts.

Battery Ward, Capt. B. F. Skinner, Seventh Connect-
icut Volunteers Commanding, comprising five ten-inch
siege mortars, to fire against Fort Wagner, exploding the
shells just before the striking.

Battery Strong, Capt. S. H. Gray, Seventh Connecticut
Volunteers commanding, one ten-inch Parrott rifle against
the gorge wall of Fort Sumter, firing shot and percussion
shell, commencing with the former.

Gillmore's order directing the bombardment closed as
follows :

"The brigadier general commanding takes this occasion

9*

Bombardment of Sumter. Aug. 17 to Sept. 2, 1863.

to remind the officers and men under his command, and
especially those to whom he has this day assigned the posts
of honor and of danger, that the eyes of a beneficent country
are fixed upon them, with not only the ardent hope, but the
confident expectation of success. The nation is indeed
waiting to crown you the victors of Sumter. We need
not, and must not, fail. Let us fearlessly do our whole
duty to our beloved country, and in the language of our
late companion in arms, the gallant and lamented Strong,
"Put our trust in God."

His report of the first bombardment is as follows :

"The breaching guns were served from day to day with
great care and deliberation. The firing from the batteries
in the second parallel was seriously interfered with, and,
at times, partially suspended, by the galling fire from Fort
Wagner to which the cannoneers were exposed. The com-
bined fire of our mortars and light pieces, aided by gun-
boats and ironclads, failed to subdue this annoyance
entirely, and we were obliged to turn some of our breach-
ing guns upon the work. There was imminent danger,
indeed, that our most efficient, because most advanced, bat-
teries would be hopelessly disabled before the work should
be accomplished. Nothng of the kind, however, happened.
A heavy northeasterly storm set in on the 18th, and raged
for two days, very materially diminishing the accuracy and
effect of our fire.

Soon after midnight on the night of August 21st, the
Marsh Battery opened on the city of Charleston, firing
only a few shots. Firing was resumed the second night
thereafter, but the piece (an eight-inch Parrott rifle) burst
at the thirty-sixth discharge, blowing out the entire breech
in rear of the vent.

Firing from the breaching batteries ceased, for the time,
on the evening of the 23rd.

95

Bombardment of Sumter. Aug. 17 to Sept. 2, 1863.

The barbette tier of the work was entirely destroyed.
A few unserviceable pieces, still remaining on their car-
riages, were dismounted a week later. The casemates of
the channel fronts were more or less thoroughly searched
bv our fire. We had reliable information that but one
serviceable gun remained in them, and that pointed up the
harbor toward the city. The fort was reduced to the con-
dition of a mere infantry outpost, alike incapable of annoy-
ing our approaches to Fort Wagner or of inflicting injury
upon the ironclads. The enemy soon after commenced
removing the dismounted guns by night, and not many
weeks elapsed before several of them were mounted in
other parts of the harbor. The period during which the
weakness of the enemy's interior defenses was most pal-
pably apparent was during the ten days subsequent to the
23rd of August.

During this bombardment an incident occurred which
shows the value of Yankee ingenuity as an adjunct to
military science. The ten-inch Parrott rifle in Battery
Strong was disabled soon after opening fire by a premature
explosion of a shell near its muzzle, which blew off about
eighteen inches of its length. It had already developed
such accuracy and strength of fire that it was a great loss.
General Gillmore asked Captain Mordecai, Chief of Ord-
nance, whether it could be repaired. He replied that it
could be by turning off the end of the muzzle down to
the lower end of the fracture so as to make its face at a
right angle with the base, but as there was but one lathe
in the country large enough to swing it, it would be neces-
sary to dismount it and send it north. This was out of the
question ; it would involve much time, and it had broken
down three sling carts and taken men and time equal to
2,500 nights' work to get it to its place. Captain Gray said
he thought that with a selected detail of machinists with

96

From Hist. 1st Lt. Batt'y.

FORT SUMTER BEFORE BOMBARDMENT.

From Hist. 1st Lt, Batt'y.
FORT SUMTER AFTER FIRST BOMBARDMENT.

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cold chisels and files it could be repaired within forty-eight
hours. General Gillmore instructed him to make the
attempt.

He set the machinists at work and under his superin-
tendence in less than the time set, the rifle was apparently
doing as good work as ever. Of it General Gillmore says :

"The gun was fired 370 times, after this, without any
appreciable difference in the range and accuracy being
noticed. * * * * * * * * * *

"No one could witness its performance during the bom-
bardment of Sumter and notice the terrible crushing effect
of its huge projectiles upon the masonry of that place, the
ease with which it was worked, and its remarkable accuracy
at a distance of two and a half miles without being filled
with admiration and wonder."

Capt. John Johnson, a Confederate engineer, gives a
detailed account of the havoc wrought by this gun thus :*

"During these nine days of the second period the
demolition of the fort was greatly increased by the firing
of the 300-pounder Parrott rifle. In one day it threw
fifteen thousand pounds' weight of metal. It was directed
against the exterior of the right flank and the interior of
the right face of the work. One shot, striking in reverse
the upper tier of casemates, cracked a massive pier entirely
through and partially destroyed it. The thickness on the
line of fire was seven feet; squarely across, five feet. The
pier, one-half brick with a filling of concrete, had been built
twelve years. Another evidence of this rapid power of
destruction occurred later, on the 30th of August, when
after eight hours' battering in the same vicinity it destroyed
one entire casemate arch, bringing down the terreplein

*The performance of this gun gave rise to the witticism, "The
American Eagle is a fine bird, but he cannot beat the Ten Inch
Parrott."

99

i 907931

Siege of Wagner. Aug. i8 to Sept. 6, 1863.

with gun, carriage, etc. These arches, built of best gray
brick laid in cement, were twenty-two inches thick, while
on the line of axis they were twenty-one feet long."

"The same work of destruction required three or four
days the week before on the part of the one hundred and
two hundred-pound rifles. Still more, on the first of Sep-
tember the effect of its fire was to culminate in the fall,
at the same instant, of four upper casemates, the terreplein.
platforms and guns."

This gun weighed 26,000 pounds ; its shells weighed
generally 250 pounds, required twenty-five pounds of
powder and reached the fort in about eighteen seconds
after leaving the gun.

The further progress of the siege is reported by Gen-
eral Gillmore as follows :

"Meanwhile, on the night of August 18th, active opera-
tions were resumed on the approaches to Fort Wagner,
by debouching with the full sap from the left of the third
parallel. The spring tides, aided by a powerful northeast
storm, had submerged the trenches to a depth of two feet
in many places, and washed down the parapets. At the
second parallel the Surf Battery had barely escaped entire
destruction, about one-third of it having been carried away
by the sea. Its armament had been temporarily removed
to await the issue of the storm. The progress of the sap
was hotly opposed by the enemy.

At one point in particular, about 200 yards in front of
Wagner, there was a ridge affording good cover, from
which we received an unceasing fire of small arms, while
the guns and sharpshooters in Wagner opened vigorously
at every lull in the fire directed upon it from our batteries
and the gunboats. The firing from the distant James
Island batteries was steady and accurate.

One attempt on the 21st to obtain possession of the

100

Siege of Wagner. Aug. 21 to Sept. 6, 1863.

ridge with infantry having failed, it was determined to
establish another parallel.

On the night of August 21st, the fourth parallel was
opened about 100 yards from the ridge above mentioned,
partly with the flying and partly with the full sap. At the
place selected for it the island is about 160 yards in width
above high water.

It was now determined to try and dislodge the enemy
from the ridge with light mortars and navy howitzers in
the fourth parallel and other mortars in rear firing over
those in front. The attempt was made on the afternoon
of August 25th, but did not succeed.

Brigadier General Terry was ordered, on the 26th of
August, to carry the ridge at the point of the bayonet,
and hold it. This was accomplished, and the fifth parallel
established there on the evening of the same day. This
brought us to within 240 yards of Fort Wagner. The
intervening space comprised the narrowest and shallowest
part of Morris Island. It was simply a flat ridge of sand,
scarcely twenty-five yards in width, over which the sea,
in rough weather, swept entirely across to the marsh on our
left.

Approaches by the flying sap were at once commenced
from the right of the fifth parallel, and certain means of
defense in the parallel itself were ordered. It was soon
ascertained that we had now reached the point where the
really formidable defensive arrangements of the enemy
commenced. An elaborate and ingenious system of tor-
pedo mines, to be exploded by the tread of persons walking
over them, was encountered, and we were informed by the
prisoners taken on the ridge that the entire area of firm
ground between us and the fort, as well as the glacis of the
latter on its south and east fronts, was thickly filled with
these torpedoes. This knowledge brought to us a sense of

101

Siege of Wagner.

Aug. 25 to Sept. 6, 1863.

security from sorties, for the mines were a defense to us
as well as to the enemy.

By daybreak on the 27th, our sappers had reached with
an unfinished trench to within 100 yards of Fort Wagner.

The dark and gloomy days of the siege were now upon
us. Our daily hopes were on the increase, while our prog-
ress became discouragingly slow and even fearfully uncer-
tain. The converging fire from Wagner alone almost
enveloped the head of our sap, subtending, as it did, an
angle of nearly ninety degrees, while the flank fire from

;. ■, ,...■ ... ,.rrrrri 1 1 , m

TORPEDO.

The lever was often covered with marsh grass, so that great care was necessary to avoid
stepping on it and causing an explosion.

the James Island batteries increased in power and accuracy.

To push forward the sap, in the narrow strip of shallow,
shifting sand by day, was impossible, while the brightness
of the prevailing harvest moon rendered the operation
almost as hazardous by night. Matters, indeed, seemed at
a standstill, and a feeling of despondency began to pervade
the rank and file of the command.

In this emergency it was determined to commence
simultaneously and vigorously two distinct methods of
attack, viz. :

102

Siege of Wagner. Aug. 25 to Sept. 6, 1863,

First. To keep Wagner perfectly silent with an over-
powering curved fire, so that our engineers would have
only the more distant batteries of the enemy to annoy
them ; and.

Second. To breach the bomb-proof with rifled guns,
and thus deprive the enemy of their shelter in the work.

Accordingly all the light mortars were moved to the
front, and placed in battery ; the capacity of the fifth
parallel and the advanced trenches for sharpshooters was
enlarged and improved ; the rifled guns in the left breach-
ing batteries were trained upon the fort and prepared for
prolonged action, and powerful calcium lights, to aid the
night work of our cannoneers and sharpshooters, and blind
those of the enemy, were got in readiness. The co-opera-
tion of the powerful battery of "New Ironsides," Captain
(Stephen C.) Rowan, during the daytime, was secured.

These final operations against Fort Wagner were
actively inaugurated at break of day on the morning of
September 5th. For forty-two consecutive hours the
spectacle presented was of surpassing sublimity and grand-
eur. Seventeen siege and Coehorn mortars unceasingly
dropped their shells into the work over the heads of our
sappers and the guards of the advanced trenches ; nine
rifled guns, in the left batteries, pounded away at the south-
west angle of the bomb-proof, while during the daytime
the "New Ironsides," with astonishing regularity and pre-
cision, kept a constant stream of shells from her eight-gun
broadside ricochetting over the water against the parapet
of Wagner, whence, rebounding upward, they dropped
nearly vertically, exploding in or over the work and search-
ing every part of it. The calcium lights turned night into
day, throwing our men into impenetrable obscurity, while
they brilliantly illuminated every object in front and
brought the minutest detail of the fort in sharp relief. In

103

Siege of Wagner. Aug. 25 to Sept. 6, 1863.

a short time the fort became silent, exhibiting but little
sign of life.

Our sappers rapidly pushed forward their works, suffer-
ing from the James Island batteries principally, which,
night and day, kept up a galling fire upon the head of the
sap, following its progress toward the work, until so near
that friends as well as foes would be endangered by it.
From this point the men in the advanced trenches enjoyed
entire immunity from danger. Indeed, the sense of
security was so great that they fearlessly exposed them-
selves to view, and the reliefs off duty defiantly mounted
the parapets of their works to while away their leisure
time, or groping their way forward among the torpedoes
with a skill which the most bitter experience only could
have conferred, approached the ditch, and took a deliberate
survey of the fort and its surroundings.

On the night of September 6th, the sappers crowned the
crest of the counterscarp on the east front, masking all the
guns of the work. The following order, to carry the place
by assault at the hour of low tide on the following morning,
was issued late in the evening:

Headquarters Department of the South.

In the Field, Morris Island, September 6, 1863.
Special Orders, {
Xo. 513. )

Fort Wagner will be assaulted at 9 A. M. to-morrow, the 7th
instant, by troops to be designated by Brigadier-General Terry, who
will command in person.

The artillery fire on the work will be kept up until the troops
mount the parapet, and will then cease at a given signal.

The assault will be in three columns, as follows :

First. A column of two small regiments of picked troops will
debouch from the advanced trenches, mount the parapet of the
sea front and the bomb-proof and traverses, spike the guns, and
seize and hold the sally-port.

104

Wagner Occupied. September 6 to 15, 1863.

Second. A column of one brigade drawn up right in front in
the trenches, in the rear of the first column, will debouch upon the
beach by regiments, pass the sea front of the fort, file sharp to the
left, and mount the parapet of the north and west faces, regiment
after regiment, as they gain the requisite distances.

Third. A column of one brigade, left in front, will follow
behind the second column, and deploy across the island in rear of
Fort Wagner, facing Cumming's Point, with skirmishers well out
in front.

The guards of the trenches will be held in reserve at their
appropriate stations. The balance of the infantry force of Gen-
eral Terry's command will be kept under arms from and after
8 o'clock in the morning near the Beacon House. The batteries
of field artillery will be held ready for action near the lookout.

By order of Brig. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore.

Ed. W. Smith,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

About midnight on the 6th, it was reported to me that
the enemy was evacuating the island, and such was the
celerity of his flight, that nearly the whole of his force
made its escape. Seventy men were intercepted on the
water and taken.

Our forces at once occupied the north end of the island.
Eighteen pieces of ordnance of various calibers were cap-
tured in Fort Wagner and seven in Battery Gregg.

Fort Wagner was found to be a work of the most for-
midable character ; far more so, indeed, than the most
exaggerated statements of prisoners and deserters had led
us to expect. Its bomb-proof shelter, capable of contain-
ing from 1,500 to 1,600 men, remained practically intact
after the most severe bombardment to which any earth-
work was ever exposed. The history of sieges furnishes
no parallel case.

The attempt to form an opening in the bomb-proof by
breaching failed for want of time. The heavy projectiles

105

Wagner Occupied. September 15, 1863.

were slowly eating their way into it, although their effect
was astonishingly slight. Indeed the penetration of rifle
projectiles into a sand parapet, standing at the natural slope,
or approximately so, is but trifling. They are almost
invariably deflected along the line of least resistance, or
departing but slightly from it, scooping out in their progress
a small hollow, the contents of which are scattered but a
short distance.

Under such circumstances, the general effect produced
by firing a large number of successive shots within a small
area of, say, from fifteen to twenty feet square, is by no
means commensurate with the expenditure of ammunition
involved."

At the close of the siege General Gillmore issued the
following congratulatory order :

Headquarters Department of the South.
In the Field, Morris Island, S. C. September 15. 1863.
General Orders.

It is with no ordinary feeling of gratification and pride that
the brigadier-general commanding is enabled to congratulate this
army upon the signal success which has crowned the enterprise in
which it has been engaged. Fort Sumter is destroyed. The scene
where our country's flag suffered its first dishonor you have made
the theater of one of its proudest triumphs.

The fort has been in the possession of the enemy for more
than two years, has been his pride and boast, has been strengthened
by every appliance known to military science, and has defied the
assaults of the most powerful and gallant fleet the world ever saw.
But it has yielded to your courage and patient labor. Its walls are
now crumbled to ruins, its formidable batteries are silenced, and
though a hostile flag still floats over it. the fort is a harmless and
helpless wreck.

Forts Wagner and Gregg — works rendered memorable by their
protracted resistance, and the sacrifice of life they have cost — have
also been wrested from the enemy by your persevering courage and
skill, and the graves of your fallen comrades rescued from desecra-
tion and contumely.

106

Morris Island. September 15, 1863.

You now hold in undisputed possession the whole of Morris
[sland, and the city and harbor of Charleston lie at the mercy of
your artillery from the very spot where the first shot was fired at
your country's flag, and the rebellion itself was inaugurated.

To you — the officers and soldiers of this command — and to the
gallant navy which has co-operated with you, are due the thanks
of your commander and your country. You were called upon to
encounter untold privations and dangers ; to undergo unremitting
and exhausting labors ; to sustain severe and disheartening
reverses. How nobly your patriotism and zeal have responded to
the call, the results of the campaign will show and your command-
ing general gratefully bears witness.

Q. A. Gillmore,
Brigadier-General commanding.

After the occupation of Wagner and Gregg there
was much disagreeable work to do in cleaning up, rebury-
ing the dead, disabling torpedoes* and removing other
traces of the siege. The stench in and about Wagner was
horrible, but by the 15th of September the causes were
removed, and life became more endurable.

While we were sufTering such things at the rear of our
guns what of the poor fellows in front of them ? Major
Gilchrist of the Confederate Army gives a graphic report, f

"From the 20th of July was a period of simple endurance on
Morris Island. Night and day, with scarcely any intermission, the
hurtling shell burst over and within it. Each day, often from early
dawn, the "New Ironsides" or the monitors, sometimes all
together, steamed up and delivered their terrific broadsides, shaking
the fort to its center. The noiseless Coehorn shells, falling vertically,
searched out the secret recesses, almost invariably claiming victims.
The burning sun of a Southern summer, its heat intensified by the
reflection of the white sand, scorched and blistered the unprotected

*These were disabled by boring holes in the kegs and pouring
in water.

f Charleston Year Book 1884, from "Defense of Charleston
Harbor."

107

Morris Island. September 13 to 23, 1863.

garrison, or the more welcome rain and storm wet them to the
skin. An intolerable stench from the unearthed dead of the previous
conflict, the carcasses of cavalry horses lying where they fell in the
roar, and barrels of putrid meat thrown out on the beach, sickened
the defenders. A large and brilliantly colored fly. attracted by the
feast and unseen before, inflicted wounds more painful, though less
dangerous, than the shot of the enemy. Water was scarcer than
whiskey. The food, however good when it started for its destina-
tion, by exposure, first on the wharf in Charleston, then on the
beach at Cumming's Point, being often forty-eight hours in transitu,
was unfit to eat. The unventilated bomb-proofs, filled with the
smoke of lamps and the smell of blood, were intolerable, so that
one endured the risk of shot and shell rather than seek their shelter.

"The incessant din of its own artillery, as well as the bursting
shells of the foe, prevented sleep. . . . The casualties were not
numerous, and yet each day added to the list of killed and wounded.
Amputated limbs were brought out from the hospital and buried in
the sand. Often bodies followed them. Only as a special favor, or
where high rank claimed the privilege, were the dead carried to
the city for interment. There were few in the battery who could
not tell of some narrow escape where a movement of position only
had saved life. Nor can we specify the instances of personal
heroism where all were brave ; so often was the flag rescued and
remounted that orders were issued by the commanding general
forbidding it; flags were many, but men were few. Thus the
days lengthened into weeks, the weeks into months, while the brave
and patient defenders individually stood face to face with death and
endured in many instances what was worse.

Xor was the garrison inactive. For the blows received blows
were given. Several monitors retired worsted from the encounter,
and were not seen again. Explosions in the advancing works of
the enemy showed the accuracy of the Confederate fire ; while
every night, through the weary hours lengthening into new days,
the working parties swarmed over the fort to repair the damage
done to bomb-proof, parapet, and traverses. Fighting from early
morn to set of sun, and working through the livelong night, com-
prised their sum of life and daily experience.

It was not possible for human endurance to stand this mental
and physical strain long. As each command became exhausted it
was relieved, and fresh troops took its place. Six days was the
longest period of any command ; the infantry served only three

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days at a time. And no greater proof can be had of their courage
and devotion than that, with personal knowledge of the perilous
nature of the service, the same commands returned time and again,
with full ranks, and even greater esprit de corps as the fierce
struggle grew more intense."

On the 23rd of September, an attempt was made by the
Union forces to fortify Cumming's Point in aid of a con-
templated movement.

One hundred men were detailed for this purpose. Fifty
men took each an empty barrel and fifty took each two
shovels.

They rushed from the cover of Fort Wagner to the
point fixed upon under a terrific fire of shell from Fort
Moultrie. The barrel men set their barrels in line on the
beach, then each man with a shovel worked literally for
dear life, first to fill the barrels with sand, and then to com-
plete a practical shelter. It was a brave act and proved
successful though at considerable loss.

For about three weeks after this the regiment remained
in camp, then were ordered to proceed to St. Helena Island
to prepare for a mysterious movement to be explained in
the next chapter.

Meantime from the 2nd of October to the 6th of Decem-
ber our batteries fired frequently on Sumter until it became
a shapeless mass of ruins.

in

CHAPTER XIV.

THE DINGIE PLAN.

On the 1 6th of October the Seventh left Morris Island
by steamer and landed the same day on St. Helena Island,
where they went into camp, tents floored and bunks built.

They were provided with forty little flat boats, each
capable of carrying fourteen men and an officer. Twelve
men were to use paddles and two to steer, one at each end of
the boat. The boys called the boats "Dinkies."* They were
made to order in New York at short notice, of inch pine
boards, hastily put together and primed over with lead and
oil. They seemed so frail that the boys said a blow from
the butt of a rifle, or a heavy step would send them to the
bottom.

A novel drill with these boats was commenced. The
first consisted in handling the boats, launching them, then
landing them again. Then as the boats lay on the sand the
men withdrew to a short distance, and at the word of com-
mand approached the boats on a run, launched them,
embarked, paddled back and forth in an array which some
one called the drill of the "horse marines ;" then at i
signal paddled to the shore, landed, hauled up the boats
and scrambled up the bank ready to meet a hypothetic
enemy. Of course the boys could only guess at the object
of the "Dingie Drill," but they easily guessed right.

The plan was to make an attack by night on demolished
Fort Sumter by means of these boats, hoping to surprise
and capture the Confederate garrison which still held the
ruins.

Colonel Hawley had gone north on "business," which
was an attempt to secure breech-loading repeating carbines

*The Century Dictionary spells it Dingie.

TT2

The DiNCriE Plan. November, 1863.

in order to make the boat militia more efficient. Lieuten-
ant Colonel Rodman rejoined the regiment October 24th,
but on crutches, unable to resume command. Maj. O. S.
Sanford. the next in rank, commanded the regiment.

The cuisine was attractive, plenty of fruit and vege-
tables, fish and oysters, in addition to the ordinary "army
grub."

After the "Dingie Drill" had continued about two weeks,
Colonel Hawley returned from the North.

The regiment embarked on the "Ben De Ford," and pro-
ceeded to Folly Island, leaving Major Rodman behind.
They were supplied with ten days' rations, no tents and a
scant supply of cooking utensils.

They disembarked at Pawnee Landing on Folly Island,
and moving a short distance, secured the partial shelter
of an old building, in expectation of being called to attack
Sumter. They were directed to make scaling ladders, and
Colonel Hawley devoted much time to studying the situa-
tion of Cummings' Point and other points of advantage.
The regiment was 500 strong, well, hearty and hungry.

It was probably never before in so high a state of
efficiency. Two years of constant drill and service made
its drill and manual of arms perfect, and the "Dingie Drill"
had added muscular development.

Although the boys did not relish the idea of going to
sea in a tub, they were full of fun and all sorts of larks.
The commander of Folly Island, a very stout man, was in
the habit of sometimes riding along the lines unattended and
wearing no sign of his rank. One day a Seventh Connect-
icut man being on guard saw him approaching in that
unmilitary condition, and willing to have some fun omitted
the customary salute. Thereupon the general, checking his
horse, began to lecture the sentinel in emphatic terms.

113

The Dingie Plan. November, 1863.

"Didn't you know I was General ?" he inquired

with much indignation.

"No," said the sentinel coolly. "I thought you were
some darned old pot-bellied sutler." As the general was
violating the military etiquette as much as the sentry, he
had his fun with impunity.

Though full of fun, the boys realized that their condi-
tion was serious. Nearly every evening a prayer meeting
was conducted by the men around a great camp fire, which
was attended by many officers. One evening Colonel
Hawley spoke with much feeling and appropriateness.

For a week the regiment bivouacked on Folly Island,
the nights spent in preparation for the contemplated move-
ment and the days in anxious waiting, both days and nights
being exceedingly disagreeable.

November 8th they went with their boats to Hilton
Head to replenish their empty haversacks. The next day,
the 9th, they returned to Folly Island and resumed the same
routine of working and waiting which continued until
November 18th, when without accomplishing or even
attempting anything, they re-embarked, returned to St.
Helena Island and the "Dingie Plan" was abandoned.

No reason for this abandonment is given in official
records ; indeed, so far as I know, history is silent as to
the whole scheme.* Now that we know how the Con-
federates had prepared to repel such an assault, it seems
that if made it would have resulted in great loss of life
with extremely doubtful hope of success.

^Incidentally General Gillmore remarks that "an open assault
would be necessary to get 'Sumter in our possession,' and we could
not expect to hold it if we got it until the navy achieved success
inside the harbor." Gillmore supposed that after Sumter was dis-
abled the navy would move in as soon as the obstructions could be
removed. In a letter September 27th he offered to remove them

114

The Dingie Plan. November, 1863.

The fort was worth nothing for offensive purposes ; the
only reason for its occupation was a sentimental one, and
to have risked many precious lives for such a reason at
that time would have been, to say the least, questionable
policy.

but the admiral declined, saying that that was "his proper work,"
and that all he desired was to have Sumter rendered incapable of
its musketry fire by the fire of Cummings' Point, when he was
ready to move in, which might not be for a couple of weeks.
Gillmore had fortified Cummings' Point. Six weeks passed after
this and the admiral manifested no inclination "to move in." We
may reasonably suppose therefore that this was Gillmore's reason
for making no attempt to occupy the fort.

115

CHAPTER XV.

AT ST. HELENA.

We welcomed at St. Helena 112 substitutes and drafted
men. The substitutes were a bad lot, mostly young
foreigners, many of them ignorant of the names under
which they had sold themselves for the bounty.

On the 19th of November the new Spencer carbines
arrived, good for eight shots as fast as the "handle" could
be worked, which, after skill was acquired, proved to be
once in three or four seconds. These were obtained
through the exertions of Colonel Hawley on his recent visit
to the Xorth. Some ladies were at St. Helena on a visit,
namely, Airs. Hawley and her sister Miss Kate Foote, Mrs.
Wayland, Mrs. Dennis and Airs. Mills.

A new manual of arms had to be devised and learned
for the carbines, none being laid down in the tactics.

November 26th was Thanksgiving day, the third that
had occurred since the regiment left home. The day, cold
in the morning, was fine toward noon, and was all that
could be desired.

The public exercises commenced at 10 A. M. and were:

1. Speech by Colonel Hawley.

Reading of the President's proclamation.
Prayer by Chaplain Wayland.
Sermon by Chaplain Wayland.
Hymn.

6. Another brief talk by Colonel Hawley.

7. Dinner, which each company partook of in its own street.

Company H is said to have had the boss dinner, but all
were good enough, a favorable contrast to our first Thanks-
giving feast at Hilton Head.

There were soups, roast pig, roast beef, boiled salt beef,
all sorts of vegetables and fruit, puddings and coffee.

Then came games, running, leaping, sack and wheel-

116

At St. Helena. Nov. 26, 1863, to Feb. 5, 1864.

barrow races, a boat race for prizes and music by the regi-
mental band.

December was spent in drilling with the new arms, and
general squad drill with the new recruits. We could some-
times hear firing at the defenses of Charleston, sixty miles
away.

Re-enlistments commenced in December and prepara-
tions were made for sending those who re-enlisted home
on a thirty days' furlough.

The number of re-enlistments was 333, three-fourths of
the original members.

Christmas was celebrated in an agreeable manner,
although a part of the day was spent in drilling the new
recruits in squads, the old members acting as skirmishers.

January 15, 1864, the re-enlisted veterans sailed for home
on the "Star of the South ;" eleven officers and 333 enlisted
men. Chaplain Way land again resigned and went home.

This left the regiment quite forlorn with its depleted
ranks and so large a number of substitutes, some of whom
afterward proved to be bounty jumpers.

Efforts had been made several months before to raise
money in the regiment to buy instruments for a regimental
band. The sum of $800 was raised, a nice set of German
silver instruments procured which arrived about the middle
of January, and the band played quite creditably.

At drill on the morning of the 22nd all the rank and file
were recruits and conscripts, which gave the old regimental
pride a fall. All the ladies, except Mrs. Hawley and Airs.
Mills returned north.

The Seventh New Hampshire was brigaded with the
Seventh Connecticut, the right wing of that regiment being
also armed with Spencer carbines.

Until February 5th the time was occupied in camp and
picket duty and drilling the new recruits.

117

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CHAPTER XVI.

THE BATTLE OF OLUSTEE.

On the 6th of February the Seventh Connecticut and
Seventh New Hampshire sailed on the steamer "Ben De
Ford" to Jacksonville, Florida. There was much division
of allegiance in that state, and the poor Floridians on the
coast had been shuffled back and forth from Confederates
to Unionists until no one seemed to know where they were
at.*

It was hoped that a determined attack on the Confede-
rate forces would rout them, and protect and develop the
loval feeling supposed to almost dominate that state. For
this purpose the expedition was organized. The composi-
tion of the force is given in the appendix, f

The "Ben De Ford" ran aground on St. John's Bar and
would not float until the evening tide. We embarked on
the river steamer "Hunter," and landed at Jacksonville late
in the day.

We found the troops who had preceded us ready to
march, and joined the advance without waiting for rations.
A few miles out we had a skirmish with the enemy. At
about ten o'clock in the evening we reached Camp Finne-
gan eight miles out. Colonel Henry's mounted men had
cleared the way for us, and had followed hard the enemy,
whose camp we occupied, bivouacked there and received
rations.

On the morning of the 8th we advanced eight mile«> to
McGirt's creek and eight miles more to Baldwin.

On the 9th we marched from Baldwin to Sanderson.

Jacksonville had been twice occupied and then abandoned by
our forces.

f Appendix No. 20.

119

To Olustee. February 9 to 20, 1864.

At Barber's, midway between Baldwin and Sanderson,
Colonel Henry had a brush with the enemy and lost a few
men. He preceded us at Sanderson and approached within
a few miles of Lake City, where, finding the enemy in force,
he retired and joined us at Sanderson.

We remained in bivouac at Sanderson during February
10th and nth and then retired to Barber's. The force had
captured and destroyed a considerable quantity of stores
and war material, including in the captures seven field
pieces and two battle flags; and we believed the object of
the expedition to have been accomplished. General Gill-
more, who had accompanied the expedition as far as Bald-
win had returned from that point to Hilton Head, under
the impression that our occupancy of East Florida would be
practically unopposed, and that the people would willingly
resume loyal relations to the United States government.

On the 20th re-enforcements having reached us, we
advanced at daylight, expecting to meet the enemy in force
at or near Lake City. But while we were waiting at
Sanderson, General Finnegan, in command of the Confede-
rate forces, had brought troops by railroad to a station
called Olustee and had taken a strong position there with
a force which considerably outnumbered us.

Colonel Henry with his mounted men took the lead.
We passed unopposed and without halting through Sander-
son. When about four miles above that place we encount-
ered the enemy's pickets and a running fire was kept up for
some time. It was then about noon and it needed no gift
of prophecy to foretell "business ahead."

The column halted, the Seventh Connecticut under
Captain Skinner was deployed as skirmishers, and the
enemy fell back before them rapidly for about two miles
until they joined their main body.

120

Battle of Olustee. February 20, 1864.

It greatly outnumbered our troops, was posted at a
right angle to the railroad, the flank resting on swampy
ground or lakes, and the front partially protected by logs.
Our main force approached in three columns by the flank,
left in front, the artillery in the road, and the infantry on
each side among the pines. It was now about two P. M.
and the situation as it appeared to Hawley's brigade was
this : Our skirmish line was checked and rallied on the
reserve. Langdon's battery was exposed to the enemy's
fire, had lost horses and men and could not be withdrawn.
The Seventh promptly formed line on the center of the
field about our regimental front from the railroad north
side. Some of the other troops coming under fire while
marching by the flank left in front, attempted to form in
line of battle between our right and the railroad, but the
fire was so hot that they fell into confusion and went to
pieces in spite of the gallant conduct of their officers and
a few men.

The Eighth Colored Infantry formed in good style on
our left and both regiments at once opened fire, the seven
shooters of the Seventh evidently giving the enemy a sur-
prise. We were within twenty-five yards of our abandoned
guns, but under the fire to which we were opposed, could
not advance to sieze them. On that line the battle raged
for three and a half hours, our side not giving back an inch
and theirs not retreating from their breastworks of logs.

The field was covered with large trees, but was free
from underbrush and was nearly level.

As the smoke lifted at intervals we could see their lone
wavering lines, their flags floating :n the breeze and their
mounted officers in the rear urging them on. Shouts and
yells accompanied every movement of their lines. Our
brave little band still stood like a stone wall in the center
of the field.

121

Battle of Olustee. February 20, 1864.

At last the enemy formed for a charge and came for-
ward in solid column by regiments directly in front of the
Seventh Connecticut and raised their battle cry, while their
artillery redoubled its fire upon our ranks which lay quietly
awaiting the word of command.

When their column approached near enough to give us
a good shot Colonel Hawley said: "Now boys, give them
the seven shooters." The little band sprang to their feet
and pumped the bullets out of those rifles with astonishing
rapidity and constancy. Their aim was good and the fire
told. First from the flank the approaching column began
to break, then from the center, and before the repeating
volleys ceased the entire column had broken in confusion
and retreated in disorder to their lines leaving their path
strewn with dead and wounded.

By this time our ammunition was exhausted and A. A.
Adjutant General Moore was sent back to find the wagon
and order it forward. His curb rein broke and his horse
made for the rear in an undignified manner, but he got
there just the same.

He found the ammunition wragon in charge of private
Bogart of Company G, who on receiving the word drove
rapidly forward to the line of battle and served out the
ammunition.

Colonel Hawley and his staff remained with the line and
mounted during the whole fight. The colonel got a bullet
in his saddle, one of his aids was wounded, and the horse
of one of his orderlies was shot.

Night was approaching ; the enemy, tired of pounding
at our front was trying to envelop our flank, which was not
adequately supported, and General Seymour gave the order
to retire, saying to our colonel, "I am going back, Colonel
Hawley, you will detach the Seventh Connecticut as rear
guard, I cannot trust any other regiment."

122

Battle of Olustee. February 20 to 25, 1864.

Tired, hungry and broken as they were, they responded
promptly. The withdrawal was by battalion in echelon*
and as soon as we were clear of the field the Seventh
deployed as rear guard and so marched all the way to
Barber's before halting. Our dead were left upon the
field, and many of the wounded fell into the enemy's hands.
A surgeon was left in charge of those who could be moved
to the field hospital.

We afterward learned that the enemy did not pursue
us that night, and it was not till daylight the next morning
that they took possession of the field hospital.

The loss of our regiment, which at the beginning of
the fight had only about 250 men on duty, was eighty in
killed, wounded and missing, the loss of the whole force
of about 5,000 was more than 2,100.

We reached Barber's on our retreat at about one A. M.
and bivouacked there having been twenty-four hours on
the march and in the fight without rest or opportunity for
cooking or eating.

At daylight we continued our retreat to Baldwin, and
thence on the 22nd to Six Mile Creek, where in a scrubby
pine field, we lay down, hoping for a good rest, but an alarm
from the picket line soon warned us to move on, and it
was not until the 25th, when we were in the entrenched
lines at Jacksonville that we could make up our lost sleep.

A grewsome incident occurred in the battle. After it
was over it was reported to Captain Skinner that Jerome
Dupoy, a substitute of Company D had been killed, shot
through the head by John Rowley, another substitute in
the same company. Neither of the men could speak much
English. Some time before they had a quarrel and Dupoy
cut Rowley with a knife, and at the same time Rowley
swore vengeance.

*Echelon ; like stairs.

123

At Jacksonville. Feb. 25 to April 13, 1864.

As on investigation there was no proof that the shooting
was intentional. Captain Skinner did not report it.

So much was said about it in the company, however,
that Rowley was arrested on suspicion and placed in the
guardhouse. There he was troublesome, could not sleep,
saw ghosts and at last confessed that he shot Dupoy pur-
posely in revenge.

He was afterward tried, found guilty of murder and
hung.

On the 6th of March, the re-enlisted veterans returned
from their furloughs bringing with them nearly one
hundred recruits. Up to October 1st, 1863, the Seventh
had received about one hundred and twenty recruits ; since
that date, one hundred and thirty-one drafted men and
substitutes, and one hundred and ninety-one volunteer
recruits, making our entire accessions four hundred and
forty-two. Our losses from all causes had been a little
more than seven hundred and fifty, so that in March, 1864,
we numbered about seven hundred.

We bivouacked comfortably outside Jacksonville till
April 2nd, when as the weather began to grow warm we
moved to a woody bluff near the city and on the bank of
the river.

The site was rough and full of stumps, but the boys
went to work and soon made it inviting. Here the time
passed with nothing more exciting than drill, camp guard
and picket duty ; a detail from the Seventh performed that
duty on the St. John's River in boats.

April 13th we embarked on the steamer "S. R. Spauld-
ing" for Hilton Head. Arriving there on the 14th we
anchored near where the "Illinois" anchored with us on
board thirty months before. From this point our opera-
tions took a new departure.

When Lieutenant General Grant was appointed com-

124

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From Hi^t. 1st Lt. Batt'y.

At Hilton Head. April 13 to 15, 1864.

mander of all the armies of the United States March 10,
1864, the country saw for the first time an army under one
head, and that head a general moved by one grand purpose.
That purpose was to fight out the war to the bitter end and
secure a lasting peace. With no thought of compromise,
disregarding alike the schemes of politicians and the
academic theories of statesmen, even laying aside for the
time the dictates of compassion, he bent all his energies
to the rigors of war. When General Lee should give up
his sword, then would be the time to return it ; when the
soldiers of General Lee's army should lay down their arms,
then General Grant would be read}- to give them their
horses and send them back to rebuild their desolated homes.
Until then, even mercy required the employment of the two
scourges of war, battle and starvation. For the latter,
blockade running should be opposed both by the ships of
the navy, and by the armies holding all parts of the coast
already occupied, while General Sherman should march into
the heart of the most fruitful part of the Confederacy, cut
off its communications and paralyze its industries, at the
same time giving General Johnston's army in the South so
much to do that he could not spare a man from his forces.
For war a much larger force than General Lee possessed
must hammer at his intrenchments and raid his outlying
camps until he should be exhausted and crushed by the
force of numbers. For this purpose, General Butler with
30,000 men was to advance toward Petersburg in one direc-
tion and Richmond in the other between the James and
Rappahannock, while General Grant himself with a much
larger force should essay the difficult task of destroying
General Lee's army or driving it back within the intrench-
ments of Richmond by crossing the Rapidan and giving
battle as had been so often unsuccessfully done before by
the overland route. General Butler was to establish a

127

At Hilton Head. April 13 to 15, 1864.

base where supplies could be readily furnished and also
to invest the forts around Petersburg and Richmond at
such a point that the whole army could be united if the
overland attack should fail.

Since the work before Charleston was merely to hold
what had been already gained, some troops could be spared
from that point. The Tenth Corps had been two and a
half years in the Department of the South and the medical
director recommended a change of climate. Most of the
men of that corps had been successfully operating against
forts in the South and were therefore well trained for the
work to be done before Richmond. For these reasons
General Gillmore and his corps were ordered to report to
Fortress Monroe and thence join General Butler's com-
mand.

128

CHAPTER XVII.

ARMY OF THE JAMES.

April 15th we sailed from Hilton Head for Fortress
Monroe; on the 17th we reached Hampton Roads where
we anchored and remained on board through the night ;
April 1 8th we landed at Gloucester Point, went into camp,
and were organized as a part of the Army of the James
under Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler. From the 19th to the 29th
of April our time was given to organization and drill.

We were attached to the Tenth Corps commanded by
Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, First Division commanded by Gen.
Alfred H. Terry, and the Third Brigade, commanded by
Col. J. R. Hawley. Our brigade was composed of the
Seventh Connecticut, Third New Hampshire and Seventh
New Hampshire. We had been associated with these regi-
ments before, and the Seventh New Hampshire and
Seventh Connecticut looked on each other as brothers.
There was held here a grand review of all the troops in
the Army of the James.

On Sunday, May 1st, a cold northeast storm prevailed.
We had only shelter tents, and one baggage wagon only
was allowed to each regiment. May 4th a demonstration
in the direction of White House was made for the purpose
of misleading the enemy, after which we embarked and
sailed up the James river convoyed by the navy. Some
cavalry raids were made at the same time to distract and
annoy the enemy.* May 5th, in the hazy light of a beauti-
ful spring morning, we approached City Point, one or two
points having been seized and occupied as we came up.

*Kautz's Cavalry forced the Blackwater, burned the railroad
bridge at Stony Creek below Petersburg, cutting in two Beaure-
gard's force at that point.

129

At Virginia.

May 5, 1864.

A part of the Eighteenth Corps landed at City Point — the
rest and the whole of the Tenth Corps at Bermuda Hun-
dred. The landing was not opposed by the enemy.

A strong skirmish line was at once thrown out, includ-
ing Hawley's brigade with the Seventh Connecticut

Frum HUt. let Lt. BaU'y.

CITY POINT.

in the center. We advanced slowly during the day,
covering the front as the peninsula widened. A mounted
force withdrew before us keeping out of reach of our fire.
About sunset the line halted and established a picket
line; the reserve (Hawley's brigade), being on the main
road toward Richmond, and the picket line crossing
the road at right angles. The line being established
and no enemy in sight, we began to prepare for supper.

130

At Chester Station. May 6 to 9, 1864.

Soon a tremendous cheering in the rear excited our
curiosity. As the bands played "Hail to the Chief" we
realized that it was a visit from General Butler, the com-
mander of the Army of the James. He came at a rapid
pace, with a numerous staff in blue and gold, and a strong
body guard. We hastily formed on the reserve and gave
the proper salute. We hoped that when he reached the
center of the brigade he would stop and give us a word
of encouragement, but with a bare acknowledgment of our
salute the party continued rapidly along the road.

A short distance ahead the road turned to the right
and our sight of the party was obscured by intervening
wroods. We only heard the rattle and clank of their
accoutrements and the thunder of their horses' hoofs.

A few minutes passed in which we wondered if our
general was going to ride into the back door of Richmond
without letting us be there to see.

Then crack ! crack ! went the rifles of the enemy's
mounted videttes and in a moment more the party returned
in great haste. Wre stood to our arms, and as the general
approached it was evident that "Hail to the Chief who in
Triumph Advances" would not fit him as well as before.
As he passed us he shouted, "Take care of yourselves, boys,
take care of yourselves," so we had a speech from him
after all. We afterward learned that the roll call of his
mounted escort showed one man missing.

The Richmond papers of the next day reported the
affair, and told how near they came to getting hold of the
one man in the Army of the James whom they most wanted
to capture.

From May 6th to 9th our time was spent in advancing
and strengthening our intrenched line and in bringing up
stores and ordnance preparatory to an advance. On the
morning of the 9th Hawley's brigade moved through

131

At Chester Station. May 9 to ii, 1864.

a very hot morning to Chester Station on the Richmond
and Petersburg Railroad, where it assisted in destroy-
ing the railroad ; thence the same day to Walthall
Junction in the direction of Petersburg where it halted for
the night, forming the reserve before Swift Creek. On the
10th occurred the action at Chester Station which is thus
described by Lieutenant Colonel Rodman :

Headquarters Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
Bermuda Hundred, Vav May 11, 1864.
General :

I have the honor to report the part taken by my command in
the action at Chester Station, Va., on May 10, 1864, as follows :

Left camp at Bermuda Hundred at 4 A. M, on the 9th instant,
with two field, two staff, one acting adjutant, one acting regimental
quartermaster, seventeen line officers, and 720 enlisted men, and
moved directly on to the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad at
Chester Station, passing up the railroad to Grove Hill Station,
and was held in reserve to the Eighteenth Corps, who were
engaging the enemy on the left and in front of Pocahontas. At
about 9 A. M. was ordered back to a position at the junction of the
turnpike and railroad to protect the rear, where we bivouacked in
the night. At about seven o'clock in the morning of the 10th the
brigade, of which we formed a part, was ordered to move both
ways on the railroad, destroying it and the telegraph, the right
wing moving upon the turnpike to destroy the telegraph, the left
on the railroad to protect the Sixth Connecticut Volunteers while
destroying the railroad. The right wing, under my command, had
proceeded about one and a half miles destroying the telegraph,
when we were ordered forward at a quick pace. Arriving at the
top of the hill to the right of and near Chester Station, we were
ordered into line of battle on a road leading from the right of the
turnpike, and immediately threw out Company D, under command
of Captain Townsend, as skirmishers. We were soon joined by
the left wing under Major Sanford. Two companies (E and H),
under Captain Dennis, were immediately sent to support a battery
upon a hill a little in front of our line. I then ordered Major
Sanford, with Companies B and K, to proceed to the top of the
hill and engage the enemy.

132

At Chester Station. May 12 to 14, 1864.

I was ordered to take the remaining companies (A, C, F, G
and I), and cross to the left of the turnpike to support the line
upon that side, which was being fiercely engaged. I was then
ordered to send three companies, tinder Captain Bacon, to the
right of the turnpike, where they engaged the enemy's skirmishers
and drove them back.

I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of both officers and
men under my command during the entire engagement. Great
credit is due to Surgeons Jarvis and Hine for their efficiency.

Appended is a list of casualties. Accompanying this is Major
Sanford's report of the detachment under his command.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

D. C. Rodman,

Lieut. Col. Seventh Connecticut Vols.. Commanding regiment.

Brig. Gen. L. Thomas,

Adjt. Gen. U. S. Army, Washington, D. C

The actions which occurred on the 12th, 13th and 14th
are thus reported by the same officer :

Headquarters Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 1864.
Lieutenant :

I have the honor to report the part taken by my command in
the actions of May 12, 13 and 14:

Left camp at 3 P. M. on the 12th with twenty-one commis-
sioned officers and 610 enlisted men, having the right of the Second
Brigade (First Division, Tenth Army Corps), Colonel Hawley
commanding, moved out on the Petersburg and Richmond turnpike
in the vicinity of Chester Station, at Perdue's plantation, threw
out 150 men as pickets, and bivouacked for the night. Two of the
pickets were wounded during the night.

Put under arms at about 6 A. M. on the 13th and moved on to
the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad and Clover Hill Junction,
moving on about eight miles to the right and rear of the enemy's
intrenchments, where we supported the Third New Hampshire
Volunteers, who were engaging the enemy and driving them out of
their works. We bivouacked in their intrenchment for the night,
having four companies on picket. On the morning of the 14th,
at about daylight, Major Sanford moved forward with five com-
panies, supporting the left of Turner's Division, who was advanc-

i33

At Chester Station. May 12 to 14, 1864.

ing on the enemy. About 7:30 A. M. the other five companies
moved forward, joining Major Sanford's command, and formed
in line of battle at the foot of the hill in the woods, where the
enemy were in strong position at the top of the hill in earthworks.
A strong line was thrown out as skirmishers, under command of
Captain Dennis, where they fought desperately for two hours,
expending all their ammunition and the fresh supplies sent. Several
men were badly wounded lying in the line of battle. First Sergeant
English and Sergeant Ripley, of Company H, and First Sergeant
Keys, Company A. behaved with great gallantry. Sergeant Eng-
lish had been hit in the foot, which made him quite lame, but he
persisted in moving forward. About 3:30 P. M. the line, Colonel
Hawley commanding, was ordered forward on the charge, going
up with the Seventh New Hampshire Volunteers on their left,
the Third New Flampshire in reserve, to the summit of the slope,
where a house had been burned, forcing the enemy to take to their
earthworks, about 400 yards in front, leaving us in possession of
the top of the hill, where fighting continued at intervals until dark.
Just about dark the rebels opened a furious fire and charged from
their works with desperation. We opened for about a minute and
a half with the full rapidity of the Spencer carbine. The rebel
fire was completely subdued and the charge repulsed. The regi-
ment being relieved by the Third New Hampshire Volunteers, we
retired to their rear and bivouacked for the night.

The conduct of the officers and men under my command was,
without a single exception, deserving of great praise. They dis-
tinguished themselves throughout by their gallantry, I would make
special mention of Lieut. Charles A. Wood, who was mortally
wounded.

Inclosed is a list of casualties : Killed, fourteen ; wounded,
seventy-six ; missing, two ; total, ninety-two.

I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

D. C. Rodman,
Lieut. Col. Seventh Connecticut Vols., Commanding regiment

Lieut. E. Lewis Moore,

A. A. A. G., Second Brig., First Div., Tenth Corps.

Major Sanford thus reports the action of the five com-
panies composing his battalion:

134

At Chester Station. May 12 to 14, 1864.

Headquarters Seventh Connecticut Volunteers.

Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 11, 1864.
Colonel :

I have the honor to report the part taken in the late action
by the companies under my command, as follows :

After leaving the regiment on the morning of the 10th, with
the left wing of the command I moved up the railroad toward
Chester Station, covering the Sixth Connecticut Volunteers, who
were destroying the railroad. I remained there nearly an hour,
when I was ordered to the turnpike to join the left of the column.
I pushed forward at a rapid pace, arriving just as the right wing
had gone in line of battle to the right of the turnpike. I was
ordered to send two companies (E and H), under Captain Dennis,
forward to support a battery. The three remaining were joined
to the regiment. You then ordered me forward with two com-
panies (B and K). I proceeded to the top of the hill, where I
was joined by Captain Dennis with the two companies under his
command. I threw the right of my line a little forward and
opened fire upon the left flank of the enemy, stationed in the
woods, and drove them back. We engaged the enemy at intervals,
who was trying to take a piece of artillery which had been aban-
doned by the Fourth New Jersey, and was near their lines. I drove
them back at every attempt. The enemy opened fire upon me with
two pieces of artillery and I sent a request for a section of battery
to silence the enemy. One piece of the Fourth New Jersey was
sent to my position, and immediately opened upon them. I then
ordered Company K, under command of Lieutenant Barker, to move
forward and bring in the abandoned piece, which he succeeded in
doing. I placed the piece in position manning it with men from
Company K, taking ammunition from a caisson which was also
abandoned by the Fourth New Jersey, all the horses having been
shot. After firing about ten shots from that piece and as many
more from the one already there, we drove the enemy's battery
from its position. The enemy having retired from our front, I
turned the piece over to the lieutenant in charge of the one sent
there, it belonging to that battery. I was then ordered to fall back
slowly. After falling back a few hundred yards, I found two com-
panies (C and G) on the left of the road, and one (D) on the
right. I took command of the whole, seven in all, forming them in
column by company, and marched them to the rear. After proceed-
ing a few hundred yards, I was ordered across the field to the

135

At Drewrv's Bluff. May 16 and 17, 1864.

right of the turnpike, and took position on a crossroad, where
I remained about one hour. I was then ordered to take position
cm the left of the One hundred and sixty-ninth New York Volun-
teers, where I found the other three companies, under command
of Captain Bacon, supporting a section of the First Connecticut
Battery. We remained there until dark, and were then ordered
to camp.

Of the conduct of the officers and men under my command,
during the engagement, I can but speak in terms of highest praise,
particularly of Lieutenant Barker and his company, for their gallant
conduct in rescuing the gun, which had been abandoned and was
near the enemy's lines. On attempting to work the piece I could
find no lanyard, and my thanks are due to Private Clapp, of Com-
pany K, for the promptness and ingenuity displayed by forming one
from a piece of telegraph wire near at hand.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

O. S. Sanford,
Major Seventh Connecticut Vols., Commanding Detachment.
Lieut. Col. D. C. Rodman,
Commanding Regiment.

The Army of the James had now reached a position in
front of the enemy's intrenchments at Drewrv's Bluff.
Fort Darling being on the right, next the James. Our line
was about two and a half miles long. The Twenty-fourth
Corps was on the right next the river, and the Tenth Corps
on the left, Hawley's brigade having the extreme left.
During Sunday, the 15th, the command remained idle,
having no orders to intrench. Some of the boys say,
however, that the pickets of the Seventh scooped out shal-
low covers with their knives and plates.

In the early morning of the 1 6th under cover of a
dense fog, the enemy came down on the extreme right, so
suddenly and in such force as to capture General Hickman
with a part of his brigade. The attack ran all along the
line, but the Spencer carbines enabled the left of our line
to hold its position until the pressure forced the Eighteenth

136

At Drewry's Bluff. May 16 and 17, 1 8^4.

Corps back so that our flank was exposed. The sequel is
reported by Major Sanford as follows:*

Headquarters Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 1864.
Lieutenant :

I have the honor to report the part taken by this command,
consisting of seventeen commissioned officers and 510 men, in the
action of May 16. 1864:

We left the bivouac occupied by the Second Brigade, First
Division. Tenth Army Corps, about dark on the night of the 15th
instant, and proceeded to the front to relieve the Third New
Hampshire Volunteers, who were on duty in the rifle-pits about 400
yards in front of the enemy's works on the left of the position
occupied by our forces. I immediately sent out two men from each
company about 100 yards to the front of our position as picket,
with instructions to fire and fall back, if the enemy advanced in
force.

Everything remained quiet until about four o'clock on the
morning of the 16th. when heavy firing and cheering was . heard
on the right of our lines, increasing and nearing our position until
about five o'clock, when the enemy tried to force the lines on
our left and were driven back. In about fifteen minutes the picket
in our front fired and fell back, reporting the enemy advancing in
force. It being very foggy at the time they could not be seen
until within forty or fifty yards of our position. I immediately
opened upon them, driving them back with great loss. They rallied
and advanced a second and third time, with a determination to
carry the position, but were at each attempt repulsed, leaving the
dead and wounded in great numbers on our front. I was soon
informed that the enemy had forced the line back on my right, and
was pouring in an enfilading fire upon my right flank. I ordered
a fire to be opened from an angle in the center of my lines in that
direction, and from right flank company, which silenced the enemy
for a short time. I sent word to the colonel commanding brigade
to have my right supported, and I would hold the position against
any force. The fog lifting about that time, I could see the enemy
about 100 yards on my right flank, secreted behind a fence and trees,

*Colonel Rodman's wound prevented further active duty by
him.

•37

At Drewry's Bluff. May 15 and 17, 1863.

picking my men off. I set sharpshooters at work and succeeded
in keeping them down. I then sent word that my right was unsup-
ported. Colonel Henry, Fortieth Massachusetts Volunteers, came
and looked at the position occupied by the enemy, and immediately
pushed his command forward and drove them back. I had fifteen
men from each company selected to remain under charge of Lieu-
tenants Barker, Gilbert, and Young, the whole under command of
Captain Dennis, and was about to fall back with the rest of my
command, when I received orders to fall back immediately with
the whole, and form in the field to the rear of the woods. I then
gave orders, but the men who had been selected to stay, not hearing
it, remained. We fell back rapidly, the enemy pouring volley after
volley into us over the top of their works, and coming out in
thousands to sweep the little band (which had been left behind and
were pouring a murderous fire into them) from their position.
Arriving in the open field. I received orders to fall back to a
position in the woods across the field, and form in the rear of the
Third New Hampshire Volunteers. My ammunition being nearly
expended, I was ordered to take a position in a field about 1,000
yards to the rear and right, where we remained a short time,
and being joined by the Third New Hampshire Volunteers, we
marched slowly to a position upon a hill to the left of the turnpike,
where we remained a short time and were then marched across a
ravine to the rear, taking a position on the ground occupied by us
on the night of the 12th, remaining about half an hour, and were
then moved back and across the ravine to the place previously
occupied to form a part of the rear guard, remaining three hours
and falling slowly back and bringing up the rear. Arrived in camp
at 8 P. M.

I will mention the names of Corporals Walker and Braman,
Privates Lamphere and Holmes, Company H ; Privates Painter.
Minor, Jackson, and Wright, Company C, and Privates D. C.
Andrews and Brockett, Company E, who volunteered to recon-
noiter in our front after the enemy were driven back, and went
forward into the fog upon the ground just vacated by the enemy;
and of the fifteen men from each company left back too much
praise cannot be given them for their conduct in holding the rifle-
pits until the rest of the command had gone safely into the woods.
But for them the whole command must have been badly cut up.
All, officers and men, behaved with great credit to themselves and

138

At Bermuda Hundred. May 16 to 20, 1864.

the regiment, and could the right of our lines been held, we could
have held our position against any force brought before it, for
with the Spencer carbine, plenty of ammunition, and a determined
set of men, nothing can stand before them. Inclosed is a list of
casualties. Killed, thirteen; wounded seventeen; missing, seventy-
four; total, 104.

I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

O. S. Sanford,
Major Seventh Connecticut Vols., Comdg. Regt.
Lieut. E. Lewis Moore,

A. A. A. G., Second Brig., First Div., Tenth Army Corps.

The day was lost. The Eighteenth Cnrps much shat-
tered, retired first, the Tenth Corps brought up the rear,
Hawley's brigade by General Butler's express orders acting
as rear guard. A battery of light twelve-pounder rifled
guns was ordered to report to Colonel Hawley for rear
guard duty, but not arriving, the colonel sent an emphatic
message to General Butler. This brought a battery, but
the general's sensitiveness to personal affronts caused him
to take offense which he did not soon forget.

While these events were occurring a Confederate force
from Petersburg made a demonstration against our rear,
which was promptly checked by General Ames at Walthall
Junction. Early in the evening of the 16th our force was
safely encamped within the entrenchments at Bermuda
Hundred. The Confederates followed and formed an
entrenched line on our near front.

Our line was a heavy earthwork, reaching from the
James to the Appomattox, a distance of about three miles
Our flanks were covered by the gunboats ; our front was
mostly wooded.

On the 20th of May there was a fierce and prolonged
contest for the possession of some rifle pits in front of
Ames' division of the Tenth Corps. It was at first taken
by the enemy, but finally a brigade of Terry's division under

139

At Bermuda Hundred. May 20 to June 2, 1864.

Colonel Howell drove them out, capturing some prisoners,
among them a General Walker of Mississippi ; he was
seriously wounded and his leg was afterward amputated.

Our line of rifle pits was a half mile in advance of our
works ; the enemy occupied corresponding positions and
frequently tried to force our lines.

From the 21st to the 26th of May we were occupied in
picket duty and strengthening our works. The opposing
pickets were near each other and had some friendly inter-
course, exchanging coffee for tobacco and sometimes swap-
ping newspapers. The enemy occasionally shelled our
camp, doing some damage.

On the 29th of May a division of the Eighteenth Corps
was sent to join Grant at Cold Harbor. This necessitated
spreading out our line to cover our front and increased
our duties ; the fire at the pickets' lines grew hot and fatal.
Our troops were turned out at 3 A. M. and remained under
arms till broad daylight. The shells from the enemy kept
us dodging the big ones and even musket balls strayed into
our camp.

June 2nd a severe and determined attack was made
upon our attenuated picket line, resulting in a mortal wound
to Captain Mills and the capture of two companies and the
major in command. The report of this is given by Captain
Bacon :

Camp of the Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
Near Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 3, 1864.
Sir:

I have the honor to report that this regiment, numbering fifteen
officers and 324 enlisted men, Maj. O. S. Sanford commanding,
relieved the Third New Hampshire Volunteers, upon the picket-
line, at dusk on the evening of Wednesday, June 1. Companies
A, F, D, and I were posted across the open ground in front of
our works between Batteries 4 and 5, in the shallow and discon-
nected rifle-pits occupied by the picket force. The right of these

140

At Bermuda Hundred. June 2, 1864.

four companies, of which I was placed in charge, touched the
woods, while Companies C and H, under Captain Dennis, were
posted upon a line turning abruptly to the front along the edge
of the woods, and at a distance of some seventy yards, making
another sharp turn into the woods. Major Sanford made his head-
quarters with these two companies. On the left of the open field
Company I extended a few rods into the woods, and the line was
continued by Companies B, G, K, and E, under Captain Mills,
over ground heavily wooded and much broken by deep ravines.
The whole line was without reserves nearer than the intrenchments,
and had become extremely attenuated by the diminishing strength
of regiments successively relieving each other. Across the open
field the enemy's line of pickets was 150 yards from ours, but in
the woods on each side it came at some points to within twenty
yards of our own.

Up to half an hour after sunrise on the 2nd there was perfect
quiet along our entire front, although towards midnight a furious
cannonade had been kept up for an hour over our heads by the
rebel batteries. At that time an attack was commenced along our
line by the enemy's pickets advancing from their posts as a line
of skirmishers, strongly re-enforced, and two or three feet apart.
In the woods on the left this attack was extremely rapid and
sudden. A few steps placed the enemy in our pits, in a position,
which, favored by the direction of part of the line, enabled them
to cut off and capture a large part of Company B. Such part of
Captain Mills' command as was not captured, with the exception
stated below, fell back slowly, contesting the ground, to a position
nearer the works, which they held until later in the morning they
were re-enforced and reoccupied and held their first position. In
the open field the advance of the enemy began a few moments after
firing and had been heard on the left. The enemy moved toward
us in good line, but slowly and hesitatingly. I opened fire along
the whole line, and in two minutes they had all dropped to the
ground, where they lay firing from such cover as they could get
for a few minutes longer, when the entire line rose and ran to the
shelter of their rifle-pits at full speed, followed by our cheers and
bullets. From this cover they never ventured again, contenting
themselves with a dropping fire from it until we abandoned nearly
our entire line. On the right the movement of the enemy was by
a dash across that part of the line which ran along the edge of
the woods, nearly at right angles with the general direction of

141

At Bermuda Hundred. June 2, 1864.

the line. This movement, of which at the time I had no informa-
tion, cut off nearly the whole of the two companies posted there,
together with the major commanding the regiment. Word had
already been passed to me repeatedly along the line that "our left
was turned," "was cut off," "had fallen back," and at last that
the enemy were occupying our rifle-pits on the left. I refused to
believe these statements, having great confidence in the strength of
that position until I saw our skirmishers falling back across the
open held toward the works; but I passed the word to Major
Sanford on the right. No communication had yet reached me
from that officer. I had seen a body of thirty or forty rebels dash
from their pits into the woods in a direction that placed them in
the rear of Companies C and H. Groups of our men now began
to be led to the rear of the rebel lines under guard ; straggling
skirmishers were seen falling back toward the works on our right;
the enemy's fire began to enfilade our lines from the woods on our
right ; the position was critical. I sent at last the question to
the right, "Where is Major Sanford?" The answer came back
"He is cut off." Up to this time my duty had been simply to hold
my position and await orders. It now became necessary to act.
The choice was plainly between capture and a perilous retreat
across the open fields to our works. I therefore gave the order,
with a reluctance which I never felt before in performing a military
duty, to fall back. This order was executed after almost all the
rest of the division line of picket had given way, under a severe
fire from the enemy, and across an unprotected field, but with little
loss; and painful as it always is to order a retreat, I had the
satisfaction of knowing that the order saved a hundred men and
rifles to the service, and of receiving the unqualified approval of
my brigade, division and corps commanders, for the course adopted.
On the extreme left a part of Company E, in a favorable position,
did not leave their ground at all. The men who fell back to the
works were reorganized and at once pushed forward to the picket
line for the most part on the left. The entire line, except at the
former post of Companies C and H, was gradually re-established
and held.

The conduct of officers and men throughout the affair was
admirable, but I may be permitted to speak especially of the extra-
ordinary coolness and courage of Capt. Charles C. Mills, of Com-
pany G, who received early in the fight a wound which it is greatly
feared may be mortal. The list of casualties inclosed show our

142

At Bermuda Hundred. June 2 to 9, 1864.

loss to be in numbers about thirty per centum of those engaged,
and seven out of fifteen officers. The actual loss sustained by the
regiment in these officers is quite inadequately represented by these
figures.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Theodore Bacon,
Captain Comdg. Seventh Connecticut Vols.
Lieut. E. Lewis Moore,

A. A. A. G., Second Brig., First Div., Tenth Army Corps.

It became necessary that Colonel Hawley should make
some corrections in his report, which he did by the follow-
ing indorsement:

Headquarters Second Brigade, First Division,
Tenth Army Corps.

Bermuda Hundred Intrench ments, Va., June 6, 1864.

Respectfully returned for correction. In one place it is stated
that all of Captain Mills' command fell back, which is not quite
correct, and indeed it is afterward stated that E did not fall back.
Nor is it correct to say on the third page "that we abandoned our
entire line." Captain Perry, with Company I, to say nothing of
a few men of neighboring companies, never left the pits on the
left of the open field or in the edge of the woods, and on the left
it would have been well to have given credit to some of the com-
pany of the First Connecticut Artillery and two companies of the
Third New Hampshire, the latter sent out by the brigade com-
mander for their help in re-establishing the line. The posts occu-
pied by C and H were soon after retaken by the Third New
Hampshire, the majority of which regiment, under Lieutenant
Colonel Plimpton, went out for that purpose, accomplished it, and
took thirty-five prisoners. Lieutenant Wildman with his Company
(A) in the redan had materially assisted in clearing the way for
this, by opening a lively fire on the woods in that direction, to
say nothing of the artillery fire from Batteries 3 and 4.

By order of Colonel Hawley:

E. Lewis Moore,
First Lieut. Seventh Connecticut Vols., A. A. A. G.

M3

Demonstration at Petersburg. June 9 and 10, 1864.

From the 1st to the 8th of June our only occupation
was the tedious, dangerous and never ending labor of
strengthening our lines.

On the 9th of June General Butler directed General
Gillmore to get ready 1,800 infantry of his command to
move on to Petersburg, stating that 1,200 cavalry under

1

tf

s^te

i**

Fro-n Hist. 1st Lt. Batt'y.

PONTOON BRIDGE.

General Kautz and 1,200 or 1,300 infantry under General
Hinks would co-operate in the movement. They were to
cross the Appomattox on a pontoon bridge by midnight.
General Gillmore sent Colonel Hawley in command of the
Seventh Connecticut, Third Xew Hampshire, Seventh Xew
Hampshire, Sixth Connecticut and Sixty-second Ohio

144

Demonstration at Petersburg. June 9 and 10, 1864.

Volunteers. Owing to the darkness of the night, some of
the regiments lost the road to the pontoon bridge, so that
General Kautz and Colonel Hawley did not get their com-
mands across the river until 3.40 A. M.

Colonel Hawley drove in the enemy's pickets on the
City Point road shortly after 6 A. M. and about seven was
before the enemy's works. On the Jordan's Point road
Hinks drove the enemy into their works and pushed up to
within fifty yards of them. As soon as Gillmore learned
the nature of the works in our front he was convinced that
our assault would probably fail, and ordered the two posi-
tions to be maintained, expecting to hear from General
Kautz, who was expected to reach the enemy's works at
nine o'clock. Generals Hinks and Hawley were about a
mile apart. Communication was kept up between them by
a road in the rear. About one o'clock in order to keep
them together they were ordered to withdraw to a junction
of the road in front of Baylor's where they waited until
after three o'clock to hear from Kautz. Hearing nothing,
thev withdrew to Sawmill, where they remained about an
hour and then marched back to the intrenchments.

General Gillmore's report of the above movement was
endorsed by General Butler as follows :

"Report of the expedition of which General Gillmore volun-
teered to take command entirely unsatisfactory : it fails to comply
in many particulars with the order requiring it ; states times,
orders, and occurrences with much inaccuracy. The conduct of the
expedition, as disclosed by it. and in fact, was dilatory and ill-
judged. The demonstration, too feeble to be called an attack, was
in direct disobedience to orders. The whole affair, in view of the
forces known to be opposed, was most disgraceful to the Union
arms.

Ben j. F. Butler,
Major-General. Commanding.
145

Demonstration at Petersburg. June 9 and 10, 1864.

Much correspondence passed between Generals Butler
and Gillmore ; Butler's was petulant and almost abusive ;
Gillmore's dignified and gentlemanly. At length Gillmore
wrote to General Butler (through his chief of staff) as
follows :

Headquarters Tenth Army Corps.

June 12, 1864, 1 A. M.
Colonel J. W. Shaffer,

Chief of Staff, etc. :
"Your note of last evening is received. As I consider the
indorsement, which you say the major-general commanding intends
to send to Washington with my report of the demonstration against
Petersburg on the 9th, to be not only unmerited and unjust, but
not sustained by facts, it only remains for me to deny respectfully,
but emphatically, all the charges therein set against me, to request
a copy of the orders which I have disobeyed or have failed to
obey, and then to demand of the President a court of inquiry to
investigate all my official acts and conduct while serving in this
department. I court a full investigation into the part I have taken
in the campaign here."

Thereupon General Butler issued the following special
orders :

Headquarters Department of Virginia and North Carolina.
Special Orders.

In the Field, near Point of Rocks, Va., June 14, 1864.

I. Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore. having requested a court of
inquiry upon his official action in the expedition to Petersburg
because of the indorsement of disapproval upon his report of his
conduct made by the commanding general thereon, his request is
granted, and the court will be convened as soon as the interest of
the public service will permit.

II. Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore is relieved of his command,
and will proceed to Fortress Monroe forthwith, to await the action
of the court of inquiry requested by him.

III. The staff of Major-General Gillmore, except his aides-
de-camp, will report to Brigadier-General Terry, the senior officer,
commanding the line of defenses. All acting staff officers upon

146

Demonstration at Petersburg. June 9 and 10, 1864.

General Gillmore's staff will report to their several commands for
duty.

IV. Brigadier-General Foster will report to Brigadier-General
Terry, to be assigned to duty.

By command of Major-General Butler,

R. S. Davis,
Major and Assistant Adjutant-General.

On receipt of this General Grant wrote to General

Butler as follows :

Headquarters Armies of the United States.

City Point, June 17. 1864.
Major-General Butler :

If you have no objection to withdrawing your order relieving
General Gillmore, I will relieve him at his own request. The way
the matter now stands, it is a severe punishment to General Gill-
more, even if a court of inquiry should hereafter acquit him. I
think the course here suggested advisable, and would be pleased
if you agree to it, though I do not order or insist upon it.

U. S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General.

General Butler replied as follows :

Headquarters Department of Virginia and North Carolina.

In the Field, June 17. 1864.

Lieutenant-General Grant,

Commanding Armies of the United States :

General :

I send you the withdrawal of so much of my special order

as relieves Major-General Gillmore, according to your request, to

take date as of the day of its issue, upon the supposition that it is

to be operative and simultaneous with yours, relieving him at his

request.

Benj. F. Butler,

Major-General.

(Inclosure)
Headquarters Department of Virginia and North Carolina.

In the Field, Va., June 17, 1864.
Special Orders.)

So much of special orders from these headquarters as relieved
Major-General Gillmore of the command of the troops of the Tenth

i47

Bermuda Hundred. June 9 to 17, 1864.

Army Corps, serving in this department, is withdrawn as of the
date of its issue, to wit, June 14, 1864.

By command of Major-General Butler.

R. S. Davis,
Major and Adjutant-General.

General Grant then issued the following orders :

Headquarters Armies of the United States.

City Point, Va., June 17, 1864.
Special Orders, }
No. 36. '
2. Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, U. S. Volunteers, is. at his
own request, hereby relieved from command of the Tenth Army
Corps, serving in the Department of Virginia and North Carolina,
to take effect and date from June 14 instant, and will proceed to
Washington. D. C. and report to the Adjutant-General of the
Army for orders. His personal staff has permission to accompany
him.

By command of Lieutenant-General Grant.

T. S. Bowers,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

Every officer who went near Petersburg, including
Kautz, gave it as his opinion that an assault would have
been attended with great loss, with exceedingly doubtful
chances of success. As nothing more was heard of a court
of inquiry, we may suppose that General Grant thought it
entirely unnecessary.

From the 10th to the 16th of June we remained quietly
in camp. On the 17th the picket line in front of our bri-
gade was attacked furiously, and the picket reserve cap-
tured to the number of twenty-five. Captain Bacon, who
was in command, escaped. As he came into our lines with
dejected step, Colonel Hawley cried out, "Captain, are you
wounded?" "No," was the reply, "but I almost wish I

was."

148

Bermuda Hundred. June 18 to July 4, 1864.

On the 1 8th of June, in obedience to orders from Gen-
eral Grant, General Terry assumed command of the Tenth
Army Corps to the great satisfaction of our regiment.

From June 19th to the 30th we remained quietly within
our lines at Bermuda Hundred. General Grant, who with
the Army of the Potomac, had been fighting for forty-three
days in the effort to get into Richmond from the North,
had on the 12th of June crossed to the south of the James,
uniting both his own and General Butler's forces, with City
Point as his base of supplies. He had left north of the
James, only force enough to resist an advance of Lee upon
Washington.

Though General Butler's line of intrenchments between
the James and Rappahannock was secure for defense, the
enemy was as securely entrenched in his front ; so that as
General Grant expressed it, he was "bottled up" so securely
that it was as hard for him to get out as for the enemy
to get in.

While we lay there so near the enemy the boys on both
sides often established a temporary truce for friendly dicker
between the lines. While these lasted the Johnnies would
say: "If we-uns are ordered to fire we'll fire high at first
so that you-uns can get to cover." When the higher
authorities were about to break the truce, they would say,
"Get into your ditches, Yanks, our folks are going to shell
your camps."

On July 4th in accordance with our usual diversion we
were called up at 3 A. AT. and stood under arms until day-
light. Light came with no disturbance and we marched
back to camp.

As a reminder of the day, the band played patriotic airs
and the men enjoyed an unusually good dinner, a fair
supply of fresh vegetables being supplied by the Sanitary
Commission, supplemented by the company "onion fund."

149

Bermuda Hundred. July 4 to August ii, 1864.

July 10th considerable numbers of the recently arrived
substitutes and drafted men having deserted to the enemy,
Colonel Hawley issued the following order to his brigade :

"The colonel commanding hopes that all the scoundrels
who desire to desert to the enemy after swindling the
government out of heavy bounties have already left us ; but
if there is still one such left in the brigade, the following
paragraph from the "Richmond Examiner" of July 9th is
commended to his attention :

'Yesterday about 100 of the Yankee deserters held at
the castle were tranferred to the Libby and their status
changed from deserters to prisoners of war. It is at last
the deliberate conviction of the Confederate Government
that deserters can never become of any service to us, either
in the army or the workshops, and that it is better to get
man for man by an exchange under the cartel.'

"From the foregoing the private who meditates desertion
will see that neither army considers him fit to be trusted
anywhere, or able to earn his living. He may be assured
that when he shall be brought back to us by exchange, he
will speedily be put where no nation nor any army will be
troubled by his villainy again."

From the nth to the 16th there was nothing new; con-
stant, heavy firing at Petersburg showed that the siege was
still going on. The enemy in our front was active and
watchful, though but little firing passed between our
intrenchments. Many Confederate deserters came into our
lines and were "sworn and sent north."

From the 17th of July to August 12th picket duty for
each tour required two men out of five. Camp guard and
work on the lines occupied the remainder of the force.
Police service was rigidly enforced, and drills occasionally
ordered. Every morning at three o'clock the troops stood
under arms till daylight.

150

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CHAPTER XVIII.

THE RICHMOND CAMPAIGN.

A new epoch had now been reached in General Grant's
campaign. He had not accomplished what he hoped when
he entered upon the wilderness battles, but forty-three days'
fighting had shown him that General Lee would not take
the offensive, and would fight no furious battles save behind
intrenchments. The hope of engaging him in the open
field and winning by the force of numbers had to be aban-
doned. He had crowded General Lee's army back to the
strong intrenchments around Richmond ; General Sheridan
had put an end to General Early's attempts to invade the
Xorth through the Shenandoah valley. General Sherman
was evidently able to reach Atlanta.

The Union Army was outside a circle 300 miles in
diameter, and the Confederate Army had everywhere the
inside track. A fall and winter campaign with artillery
through Virginia mud was out of the question. Generals
Sherman, Schofield, and A. J. Smith must take care of
Generals Johnston, Hood and Price, until at length General
Sherman could strike through to Savannah and Charleston,
then up to Wilmington, coming between Generals Johnston
and Lee, so that in the spring Generals Sherman and Grant
could combine their forces and crush General Lee, leaving
Generals Schofield and Thomas to perform the same oper-
ation upon Generals Johnston and Hood.

With this condition in mind we can better understand
the movements in which the Tenth Corps took part during
the remaining months of summer and autumn, 1864.

In order to connect the work of the Seventh with that
of the whole Second Brigade of which it was a part the

151

Richmond Campaign. August io to 16, 1864.

itinerary of the entire brigade is given below as copied from
official records.

Itinerary of Second Brigade, First Division, Tenth
Army Corps, August 10th to November 30th, 1864.

August. At the beginning of the month this brigade
held and picketed the right of Bermuda Hundred intrench-
ments on the James River.

August 12. In the evening the brigade received orders to
prepare every available man to march at a moment's notice with
knapsacks and two days' rations. Six hundred of the Sixteenth
New York Heavy Artillery being engaged on the canal at Dutch
Gap, the remainder of that battalion relieved the garrison of the
Sixth Connecticut in Redoubt Carpenter.

August 13. In the evening the brigade, accompanying the
First Brigade of this division, marched to Deep Bottom, crossed
the James there, and before daylight took position near the picket-
line of the Third Brigade, which had been holding Deep Bottom.

August 14. At daylight the division, under command of Brig.
Gen. A. H. Terry, moved forward, the First and Third Brigades,
driving in the enemy's skirmish line, driving them out of their
rifle-pits, this brigade supporting. The Sixth Connecticut was
detailed to assist the Third Brigade, and. supporting the One
Hundreth New York, crossed Bailey's Creek to the right and took
a batten- of the enemy containing four 8-inch siege howitzers.
A portion of the Seventh Connecticut, in throwing out skirmishers
to protect two light batteries, lost five or six killed and wounded.
The division remained on Kingsland Road until nine o'clock at
night. It then moved by the right flank to the New Market road,
and down to Strawberry Plains to a position in the rear of the
Second Corps.

August 15. It moved to the right of the Second Corps to a
position near the mill pond at Deep Run.

August 16. Reconnoitering for an advance in the morning,
the brigade found in its front an impassable mill pond and ravine.
General Foster (Third Brigade), then undertook to advance on
our right, executing a gradual left wheel to turn the enemy's
left, and drove him from his rifle-pits and picket lines. This
brigade followed in reserve and found the Third Brigade near the

152

Richmond Campaign. Aug. 16 to Oct. i, 1864.

enemy's breastworks, and the First Brigade massed (column of
battalion in line), formed on the right of the Third Brigade line
immediately ; charged over breastworks and into fields and woods
beyond, partially wheeled to the left and held position for an hour;
Seventh New Hampshire was halted at the works and used to
protect the right. The Thirty-ninth Illinois was on our right,
Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania on our left and Craig's Brigade of the
Second Corps came up on our left to help. After losing half the
officers and about one-third of the men out on this field, and
finding that all our friends had fallen back to the breastworks,
we fell back there also, then farther to the rear, finally throwing
up breastworks about on the picket-line seized in the morning, and
remained through the night. Lost in the fight of the sixteenth
(battle of Deep Run), 233.

August 18. At night went back to and up on the Long Bridge
road to Ruffin's. Held road until night of the 20th, when whole
force (Second and Tenth Corps), recrossed the James.

August 24. Started with the First Brigade (the Third Brigade
and the rest of the Tenth Corps to follow) to relieve the Eighteenth
Corps before Petersburg. Took to hold about 700 yards of the
line, are left resting on the Suffolk railroad. Here remained
through the month, losing some daily.

September 1 to 24. The brigade held a portion of the line
before Petersburg and participated in the labors of the siege.

September 24. It was relieved by the Second Corps and
bivouacked near Tenth Corps headquarters, where the corps was
massed.

September 28. It moved with the rest of the corps and formed
part of the column which carried the enemy's works at Deep
Bottom.

September 29. In the afternoon it inarched with the division
(Terry's) to a point near Richmond, in support of General Kautz's
cavalry.

September 30. The brigade lay bivouacked at Laurel Hill, on
the New Market road.

October 1. The brigade, commanded by Col. J. C. Abbott,
(Brigadier-General Hawley, having gone to Connecticut with dis-
charged men of the Sixth and Seventh Regiments Connecticut
Volunteers and to get recruits if possible), led a reconnaissance
of the Tenth Corps toward Richmond on the Darbytown road.

153

Richmond Campaign. Oct. i to Nov. i, 1864.

When within about three miles of the city the entire brigade
deployed as skirmishers and advanced under a heavy artillery fire
to within two miles of the rebel capital. Loss about — . Returning
to its position in reserve on and near the New Market road, in
the rear of the right flank of the Tenth Corps (which was on the
right of the Eighteenth Corps), the Seventh Connecticut only
being deployed in line on the right, it remained until the seventh,
when the rebel divisions of Hoke and Field drove back General
Kautz's cavalry and attempted to turn the right flank. The First
Division, Tenth Corps, was thrown as a refuse line to meet them
and the weight of onset fell on this brigade. After a close and
hot fight, in coming within fifty yards, the rebels were signally
repulsed. The brigade lost 137. This refused line was then
strongly fortified with a good breastwork and two redans.

October 12. Brigadier-General Hawley returned and resumed
command.

October 13. The First and Third Divisions reconnoitered on
the Darbytown road a mile or two above Johnson's or Timberlake's
house. This brigade had its left on that road and pressed the
enemy into his works, the Seventh Connecticut as skirmishers, the
Sixth Connecticut and Sixteenth New York (Heavy Artillery) in
the first line, deployed, the Third and Seventh New Hampshire in
the second line reserved. After holding the enemy in his works
all day and skirmishing sharply (the Third New Hampshire going
to the First Brigade as a reserve for its assault) we returned to
our intrenchments with a loss of fifty-one.

October 20. The command of the Third Division fell on Bri-
gadier-General Hawley and Colonel Abbott took command of the
brigade.

October 27 and 28. The command took part in a reconnais-
sance on the right of the lines on the Darbytown and Charles City
roads, the skirmishers of the brigade resting their right on the
last named point. It remained during the two days, returning on
the evening of the latter date. The fighting was entirely on the
skirmish line. Loss in killed, wounded, and missing, twenty-eight.

October 29. Brigadier-General Hawley resumed command.
And until the end of the month the brigade remained in the
intrenchments.

November 1 and 2. In camp just on the right of the New
Market road. Henrico County, Va., on the precise ground on
which the brigade repulsed the enemy on October 7th.

154

Richmond Campaign. November i to 30, 1864.

November 2. At night Brigadier-General Hawley received
orders to break camp and report by daylight on the river at Deep
Bottom, leaving only the detachment of the Sixteenth New York
Heavy Artillery in camp ; reported as ordered. General Hawley
being put in command of additional forces — comprising the Pro-
visional Division — four other regiments from this division (First
Division, Tenth Corps), and five from the Eighteenth Corps. Col-
onel Abbott assumed command of one brigade in the temporary
organization, and Colonel Rockwell of the other.

November 3. Embarked, changing vessels at Fortress Monroe.

November 6. Reported as ordered to Major-General Butler
at New York. The infantry (this brigade included) disembarked
at Fort Richmond ; the artillery at Fort Hamilton.

November 7. At night, and eighth, in the morning (election
day), all the troops embarked again. Colonel Abbott, with the
Seventh New Hampshire and Seventh Connecticut, on the armed
transport "Augusta," took post off Catharine Street Ferry, East
River. Colonel Rockwell, with the Sixth Connecticut and others
on the "John Romer" off the foot of West 26th Street, North
River, and Lieutenant Colonel Randlett, with the Third New
Hampshire (under Lieutenant Colonel Smith, One hundred and
twelfth New York), on the Ferry boat "Westfield," off West 42nd
Street, North River. The other troops were similarly disposed
about the city, Brigadier-General Hawley commanding the whole.
Major-General Butler's headquarters were at the Hoffman House.
The troops remained thus until November nth, when they dis-
embarked again at Forts Richmond and Hamilton, retaining suffi-
cient transports for use in case of an emergency.

November 14 and 15. Re-embarked on sea-going transports ;
the artillery were later.

November 17. The troops of this brigade disembarked at
Deep Bottom, and returned to their former and present position
as above. General Hawley resumed the command of the brigade.

November 30. Was passed in rebuilding their utterly destroyed
huts, receiving, equipping, and drilling recruits, road building, and
other ordinary picket and fatigue duty.

We now take up the movement which occupied us from
the 14th to the 20th of August. Much had been expected
from it, but the results were trivial. The part taken by

155

Deep Bottom. August 13 to 15, 1864.

the Seventh during the first two days is thus reported by
Captain Thompson.

Camp of the Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.

Bermuda Hundred, Va., August 23, 1864.
Lieutenant :

I have the honor to submit the following report of the part
taken by the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers in the late movement
on the north side of the James River.

The regiment left camp about eleven o'clock on the night of
the 13th of August, under command of Captain Theodore Bacon,
and was assigned to position of left center of the four regiments
comprising the Second Brigade. Captain Bacon was taken sick
on the night of the 15th, thus leaving me in command of the
regiment. The following officers were present for duty, viz. :
Surg. Geo. C. Jarvis, Asst. Surg. E. C. Hine, Lieut. J. I. Hutchin-
son, acting adjutant; Lieut. William H. Auger, acting regimental
quartermaster; Captains Bacon, Thompson, and Perry; Lieuten-
ants Wildman, Barker, Young, Bradford, Merriam, Lee and
Taintor; Lieutenants Hicks and Baldwin remaining in camp sick.
I have to report that the regiment proceeded with the rest of the
brigade across the James River and to a position about a mile
and a half from the river, where we lay concealed in the woods
until daylight or after, and about 7 A. M. the regiment was ordered
to move forward in close column by company along the road, as
the enemy had been driven some distance from our front. In this
order the regiment was moved with the rest of the brigade for
about a mile, when we formed on the left of the brigade in double
column closed en masse in an open field and ordered to lie down.
Some of the enemy's sharpshooters opened upon us with some
effect, and eight men were selected as sharpshooters and thrown
forward and on our left flank to silence the enemy's fire, and Com-
panies B and G, under command of Lieutenant Young, were also
sent forward soon after for the same purpose. In this position
we remained until about 4 P. M., when the regiment deployed in
line of battle and marched by the right flank to the rear for nearly
a mile on the same road that we had marched on in the morning,
when we halted and lay in the woods until about 9 P. M. and were
exposed at times to the enemy's shells from a battery in the woods
in front of us. Our casualties up to this time amounted to one
killed and five wounded. We then had orders to move with the

156

Deep Bottom. August 15 and 16, 1864.

brigade by the right flank and marched about three miles, when we
were ordered to halt and lie down in line of battle for the night,
the brigade being in column of battalion.

On the morning of the 15th, after obtaining more ammunition,
the march was resumed, and the regiment moved by the right
flank with the brigade at a distance of about four miles, when we
were ordered to halt and lie down in line of battle in an open
field, the brigade being now in column of battalion. Here we were
exposed to the fire from the enemy's battery for some time, though
but one casualty occurred during the day. and just before dark
we were moved by the right flank about 800 yards, and took our
position for the night in the edge of a piece of woods or small
scattering pines, and apparently about 1.000 yards from the enemy's
works. Directly in front of us was a corn field and beyond that
a deep ravine and mill pond, which separated us from the enemy's
main works. The following officers were present for duty at this
time, viz. : Asst. Surg. E. C. Hine, Lieut. J. I. Hutchinson, acting
adjutant; Lieutenants Barker. Lee and Taintor. Captain Perry,
Lieutenants Wildman, Young and Bradford being sick and unfit
for duty and Lieutenant Gill had received a slight wound two days
previous, from the effects of which he had not recovered. Surgeon
Jarvis was detached from the regiment, being senior medical officer
of the brigade.

Owing to the excessive heat an unusual number of the enlisted
men were compelled to fall out of the ranks while on the march,
from sunstroke and excessive fatigue, being burdened with their
knapsacks, so that on the morning of the 16th they numbered but 161
men. I am sorry to have to report that some managed to straggle
away from the command without any other object than to cowardly
shirk their duty, but I think the number of this class is small.

About 3 A. M. of the 16th, I received orders from Colonel
Hawley, commanding brigade, to throw up some sort of protection
in front of our line as the enemy's sharpshooters were annoying
us. I collected a quantity of rails and soon had good protection
from musketry. About 8 A. M. I was ordered to move by the
right flank, which was done in connection with the rest of the
brigade, and after marching about half a mile through the woods
we were halted. I soon after received orders to move forward
with rest of the brigade in line of battle in the direction of the
enemy's works, and after moving about 700 yards through dense
woods and across a deep ravine, we were ordered again to halt.

157

Deep Bottom. August 15 and 16, 1864.

Here our line of battle was changed so as to conform with the
enemy's works in front of us, and we were again ordered forward
about 400 yards and ordered to lie down in line of battle. Colonel
Hawley informed his whole brigade that a brigade in front of us
were to charge the enemy's works and cautioned the whole com-
mand to remain firm, and in case the leading brigade were repulsed
to allow them to pass over us to the rear, and then to hold our posi-
tion at all hazards. The brigade in front of us then rose up and
rushed forward through the woods toward the enemy's works,
when a galling fire of musketry greeted us from the enemy. When
they had proceeded about fifty yards I heard Colonel Hawley give
the command "Forward, Second Brigade," when my regiment rose
up instantly and rushed forward at a double quick cheering loudly,
and following the leading brigade in as good a line of battle as
the dense woods and the nature of the ground generally would
permit. On arriving within fifty yards of the works we came upon
a slashing of fallen trees very difficult to pass, but through it we
went with a will, and over their works, driving the enemy before
us. On crossing the enemy's works, without halting I moved the
regiment by the left flank to avoid a dense thicket of trees, in order
to reach an open field about 100 yards to the left. We then formed
in line of battle and moved forward across an open field about 400
yards and halted in the edge of a piece of woods, in order to guard
against the approach of the enemy on our right flank. Other regi-
ments coming up for our support, a severe and general engage-
ment with the enemy ensued.

During the engagement I perceived the enemy coming down
through the woods on my right flank. I changed my line of battle,
accordingly, so as to front the enemy, and opened upon them
vigorously with the Spencer carbines and soon succeeded in driving
them from before us. I soon afterward received orders from
Colonel Hawley to fall back to the enemy's works which we had
passed over; here I formed the regiment in line of battle fronting
the enemy. I then received orders from General Terry to march
my regiment to the rear, our ammunition being very nearly
exhausted. Of the six officers who were engaged in battle, four
were either killed or wounded, and myself being very unwell from
the effects of sunstroke a few days previous, turned over the com-
mand to Lieutenant Taintor, the only remaining officer. Of every
officer and enlisted man who participated in this engagement, I
can only speak in terms of the most unqualified praise. Every

158

Deep Bottom. August 15 and 16, 1864.

order was promptly, cheerfully, and fearlessly obeyed, and I could
neither ask nor expect more of them. Lieutenant Hutchinson was
wounded and disabled during the assault on the enemy's works
while gallantly performing his duty, and compelled to retire. Lieu-
tenant Merriam had been wounded in the engagement of the 14th,
but had resumed his command, and was again wounded while
nobly discharging his duty, and too much praise cannot be awarded
him. Lieutenants Barker and Lee. I regret to say, were wounded
in the latter part of the engagement (supposed mortally) and of
necessity were left on the field to fall into the enemy's hands.
They displayed great coolness and courage throughout the entire
engagement. Surg. G. C. Jarvis and Asst. Surg. E. C. Hine were
deserving of great praise for their efficient and untiring efforts in
caring for the wounded of the command.

The men displayed unusual zeal and braver)- during the whole
engagement, and where all who were with me have done so well it is
difficult to mention any particular individuals as worthy of most
praise. I will take the liberty, however, to give the names of Sergt.
W. W. Plumb, acting sergeant-major; Sergeant Cook. Company
E; Sergt. H. H. Smith, Company C; Sergt. B. Starr, Company
B ; Sergeant Shailer, Company I ; Sergeant Whaples, Company B ;
Sergt. Willard Austin, Company G; Sergeant Cook, Company A;
and Corporal Clark. Company F.

I append an entire list of casualties from the 14th to the 16th.
inclusive: Killed, seven; wounded, thirty-one; missing, seven;
total, forty-five.

I am, lieutenant, very respectfully, your obedient servant.

John Thompson,

Capt. Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, Commanding Regiment.

Lieut. E. Lewis Moore,

Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2nd Brig. 1st Div., 10th Army Corps.

:|:This report ends on the evening of the 16th of August,
and leaves the regiment in the intrenchments which had
been captured from the enemy near Deep Run. The
attempt to break through the enemy's double line of

*On this day the One hundredth New York and Sixth Connect-
icut of the Tenth Corps captured and drew off a battery of four
8-inch howitzers.

159

Richmond Campaign. August 15 to 17, 1864.

intrenchments to Richmond having failed, a withdrawal
was ordered, an account of which on the part of the
Seventh is given in the following report by Captain Atwell :

Headquarters Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
Bermuda Hundred, Va., August 23, 1864.
Lieutenant :

I have the honor to report that I relieved Captain Perry of the
command of the regiment, then in the intrenchments near Deep
Run, Va., on the 17th instant, where we remained until about
seven o'clock the evening of the 18th, when in obedience to orders
the regiment moved to the right, advancing but a few hundred
yards, when the order was given to return to our former position
at the works, as the enemy were advancing upon them, which we
reached just as our pickets were driven in. Soon after the enemy
made their appearance near the right of the regiment and were opened
upon quite furiously for a few seconds. The firing soon ceasing,
the pickets were again established on our front. About 11 P. M.
we again received orders to move, and about two in the morning
of the 19th halted on Long Bridge road, where we remained until
8 P. M. the 20th. when the regiment moved to the rear, reaching
the bridge over the James about eleven o'clock, which we crossed,
and continuing our march, arrived in camp about two in the morning
of the 2 1st, greatly fatigued and well tired out by the incessant
duties of the week.

Only one casualty occurred in the regiment during the time
I have been in command, viz. : Private Stephen H. Greene, Com-
pany K. wounded the 18th while on the picket-line.

I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant,

S. S. Atwell.

Captain Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, Commanding Regiment.
Lieut. E. Lewis Moore.

Some additional particulars of the movements from the
15th to the 17th are found in Acting Assistant Adjutant
General Moore's journal as follows :

On the night of the 15th Terry's Division was massed
in the vicinity of Fussells with some troops of the Second
Corps. Early on the morning of the 16th a brigade of

160

Deep Run. August 16, 1864.

western troops was in line in the woods near the rifle pits
on the enemy's left. Hawley's brigade was in line as sup-
port, the men lying flat on their faces close to the front line.

In front of the enemy's line was a heavy slashing* and
his rifle pits were the same as a light intrenched line.
General Terry was with us; he jokingly told the officers
who were on their feet to get the best cover they could
against the fire of small arms until we should get orders
to move. He himself set the example by shielding his
slim figure behind a tree about eight inches through. Most
of the officers felt rather slim about that time and dutifully
followed the general's example. The wood was so dense
that we could not see the enemy's line, though the distance
was but a few hundred yards. On our left was the first
brigade of General Terry's division and they joined the
Second Corps.

The first line (of western troops) was to attack and
carry the rifle pits if it could, and Hawley's brigade,
when notified that this was accomplished, was to carry the
attack into the enemy's lines.

At about ten o'clock in the morning the order was given
and the front line went forward. We quickly heard the
crack of rifles and a round of cheers. As we eagerly
waited for tidings an officer came rushing back, waving
his sword and shouting "We've got 'em ! We've got 'em !''
This was our clue and we scrambled through the slashing
only to find that the announcement was premature ; the
leading brigade was badly cut up without gaining a foot-
hold. With our support, however, the rifle pits were car-
ried and we secured two or three hundred prisoners. We
kept on three or four hundred yards, other regiments join-
ing us, and at once found ourselves in the midst of a heavy

*Xote. Slashing: Trees cut off high and left lying wherever
they fall.

161

Richmond Campaign. August 21 to 24, 1864.

engagement. An effort was made to liank us on the right.
This was gallantly repulsed by our regiment. Soon after
order to withdraw was given and with sad disappointment
we gradually retired, recrossed the James, and marched
back to our camp at Bermuda Hundred, which we occupied
August 20th.

Our disappointment was somewhat alleviated when we
heard read General Birney's congratulatory order.

Headquarters Tenth Army Corps.
In the Field, Fusseli/s Mill, Va., August 19, 1864.
General Orders, 1
No. 25. \

The major-general commanding congratulates the Tenth Army
Corps on its success. It has on each occasion when ordered,
broken the enemy's strong line, and has captured during this short
campaign four siege guns, protected by the most formidable works,
six colors, and many prisoners. It has proved itself worthy of its
old Wagner and Sumter renown. Much fatigue, patience, and
heroism may still be demanded of it, but the major-general com-
manding is confident of the response.

By command of Mat. Gen. D. B. Birney.

Ed. W. Smith,
Assistant Adjutant General.

Sunday the 21st, we spent quietly in camp, resting and
cleaning up. On the evening of that day we again received
marching orders, formed line and remained under arms all
night. At daylight of the 22nd we were dismissed to
quarters. On the 24th we were again under inarching
orders. Soon after dinner the brigade line was formed
and we marched toward the Appomattox ; it leaked out
that we were to relieve the Eighteenth Corps in the trenches
before Petersburg. The enemy saw us leaving and was
doubtless glad to be rid of us.

Crossing the Appomattox by pontoon bridge just before
night and mounting by a toilsome way the hills overlook-

162

Before Petersburg. Aug. 24 to Sept. 28, 1864.

ing the "Cockade City" we saw our work before us. By
dark we approached the forts and began to hear distinctly
the firing of the siege guns. Still on, winding our slow
way in the gathering darkness, urging the weary and strag-
gling column through ravine, across branch, and again
over hill and beyond, we heard the rattle of small arms and
saw by such light as there was the signs of the conflict.
By this time the rain fell in torrents, the mud was deep
and the way difficult.

Near midnight we reached the extreme front and took
our places in the lines before Petersburg. Colonel Hawley
established his headquarters in a bomb-proof, there shelter-
ing his horse as well as himself. The brigade was occupied
in the heavy and trying duties of the siege. Many casual-
ties were noted every day and no life was safe except under
cover. The boys dug burrows or splinter proofs, into
which they crept while off duty when the fire became hot.
Those on duty had to dodge the shells the best way they
could. This condition continued until September 4th. On
that date private John Rowley of Company D, who as before
stated shot his comrade at Olustee, was executed in accord-
ance with the finding of a Court Martial.

On the 1 2th of September such members of the Seventh
as had not re-enlisted were discharged by reason of expira-
tion of their term of service. They numbered about 200
and were under command of Colonel Hawley. They pro-
ceeded to New Haven, bivouacked in the old state house on
the green, where they were paid off and scattered to their
homes.

From the 13th to the 27th of September our time was
spent in the arduous duties in the trenches in front of
Petersburg. On the 28th of September we were again put
in motion, leaving permanently the intrenchments before
Petersburg. The Tenth Corps in co-operation with other

164

Before Petersburg. September 13 to 29, 1864.

troops marched across the Appomattox, the Bermuda Hun-
dred Peninsula, and the James River at Deep Bottom.
Resting for a time in the ashes and soot of newly burned
ground near the river, we formed line in the darkness of the
early morning of the 29th. General Hawley being still
north after recruits, the brigade was commanded by Col.
J. C. Abbott, the division by General Terry.

The division moved forward slowly for several hours,
meeting a sharp fire, though the hardest fighting was done
by the troops on the extreme left of the division. There
the enemy's line was strongly fortified ; it was carried in
gallant style, but at considerable loss. The action and loss
of the Seventh is thus given in Captain Atwell's report :

Headquarters Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
In the Field, Laurel Hill, Va., October 8, 1864.
Lieutenant :

I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken
by the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers in the recent engagements
of September 29, October 1, and October 7.

The regiment left camp before Petersburg on the afternoon
of the 28th of September, with the rest of the Second Brigade, and
bivouacked at Deep Bottom at about 2 A. M. of the 29th. At day-
break the regiment, numbering nine officers and 125 men, resumed
the march, in connection with the rest of the brigade, passing
through our earthworks and in the direction of the enemy for
nearly a mile, when I received orders from Colonel Abbott, com-
manding brigade, to deploy my regiment as skirmishers and advance
towards the enemy's works. ' After passing an open field and
through a deep ravine, through a heavy fire from the enemy's
batteries, together with musketry from their sharpshooters, we were
ordered to halt, being about 800 yards from the enemy's works,
and I ordered the men to lie down in the line so as to conceal
them as much as possible from the view of the enemy's sharp-
shooters. We lay in this position for about half an hour, and
were ordered to advance, the Third New Hampshire Regiment
having been ordered up to our support, when I moved forward
with my command and entered their works without further resist-
ance. Our loss in this skirmish was one commissioned officer and
seven enlisted men wounded. After halting for about an hour,

165

Chapin's Farm, Va. Sept. 29 to Oct. 7, 1864.

we again resumed the march with the brigade toward Richmond,
arriving at the second line of the enemy's works at about noon,
and again halted. About two o'clock we marched with the brigade
on a reconnaissance toward Richmond, but returned at nightfall,
without further fighting, to the enemy's second line of works, and
bivouacked for the night.

On the afternoon of October 1st, we were marched over the
same road toward Richmond and were deployed as skirmishers,
with the rest of the brigade, and ordered to advance on the enemy's
line of works. In doing so it was necessary to cross an almost
impassable ravine in the face of a terrible fire from the enemy's
batteries, but notwithstanding the difficulties, the line moved on in
good order for a distance of about three-quarters of a mile, when
we were halted within about 600 yards of their works, and soon
ordered to fall back, when we retreated slowly and in good order,
the enemy still firing upon us from their batteries, until we were
out of range of their guns. We arrived at the place from whence
we started at 10 P. M., and bivouacked for the night. Our loss
in this skirmish was one killed, four wounded, and ten missing.

On the morning of the 7th, my regiment was ordered out of
our intrenched position that we had occupied for four days on
the right flank of our works, to move, with the rest of the
brigade, to a position farther to the right and rear, in order to
check the advance of the enemy, who had made a vigorous attack
on the cavalry in front of us, and driven them in. After getting
into our position in the brigade, and in line of battle, I was ordered
to send fifty men forward as skirmishers, which I placed under
command of Captain Thompson. Soon after I was ordered to
send twenty-five more, but before they had time to deploy the
enemy advanced in force, and I immediately opened fire upon them,
directing my line of fire to the front, and to the right and left
oblique, as the enemy showed themselves to be in strongest force,
and they were soon repulsed. Our loss in this engagement was
one killed, thirteen wounded, and one missing.

The behavior of both officers and men in this engagement was
perfectly satisfactory. All orders were promptly and cheerfully
obeyed, and where all have done so nobly, it is difficult to mention
any as especially worthy of honorable mention.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

S. S. At well,
Capt. Commanding Seventh Conn. Volunteers.
Lieut. E. Lewis Moore,

Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2nd Brig., 1st Div., 10th Army Corps.

Note. Colonel Hawley, who was still in the North, was Sep-
tember 17th promoted to Brigadier-General of Volunteers.

166

Near Richmond. Sept. 29 to Oct. 7, 1864.

Captain Moore adds the following particulars to this
account :

"October 1st another reconnaissance under General
Terry. Hawley's brigade advanced to the extreme limit of
yesterday's venture. There deploying as a strong skirmish
line we charged straight for the city, coming within range
of the outer line of defenses of the city proper, to the very
foot of one of the hills on which the city has her seat, and
within one and a half miles of the Capitol.

We were greeted with a terrible fire of artillery, but
persisted in our advance until the desired object was
attained, then retiring slowly and in the same order in
which we advanced we reached the cover of the woods. As
we retired, the enemy's cavalry followed us closely and
captured some of our men in a muddy cornfield not far
from the enemy's line. We were supported by Pond's
brigade of Terry's Division, but they took no part in the
dash. We passed another miserable night, one division
being in reserve. From October 2nd to the 6th all was
quiet so far as we were concerned.

Early on the morning of the 7th sharp firing was heard
on our extreme right flank where Kautz's cavalry was
keeping watch. Stragglers from his force came flying by
in great disorder and it was evident that Kautz was routed
bv a superior force. It was equally evident that our flank
was in danger. Terry's division was hurriedly tranferred
from its position in reserve to the right, marching down
the road as if in retreat. A great crowd of demoralized
cavalry, cooks, servants, and shirks impeded our march
and gave the impression that all was lost except the bare
chance of running for dear life.

Hawley's brigade formed in the woods immediately on
the right of our intrenched line, the Seventh being on the
left of the brigade. We were none too soon to receive the

167

^ A*

>;*

Newmarket Road. October 7, 1864.

enemy, as his troops came tearing through the woods
veiling like demons. They were within fifty yards before
they were a fairly good shot. Then up rose the Seventh
with its repeating carbines and began to pour in its fire.
The crash was the most terrific we had ever heard. The
brunt of the attack was on us ; our fire fairly took them
off their feet and rendered them utterly incapable of return-
ing it. They melted away and such as were able disap-
peared into the friendly embrace of the wood. As they
retired we gave a parting shot at their legs vanishing
among the tree trunks and then set up a shout of victory.

At once, right where they stood, our men, expecting a
renewal of the attack fell to work "tooth and nail,'' cup
and plate, sword and stick, with whatever material was at
hand, to improvise breastworks behind which they might
find partial cover. The enemy rallied and made a second
feeble attack and then retired. We followed them about
two miles, returning at nightfall to the position where we
fought. Hawley's brigade lost 147 — the other two brigades
only forty altogether.

During the night we securely intrenched ourselves, and
there thenceforth the Seventh made its camp until ordered
away for the second attack on Fort Fisher. Before that
time, however, we made some short excursions.

The pine trees which covered our front gradually dis-
appeared as demands for timber or firewood arose, and the
very roots were eventually grubbed up for the fatty pine
knots they bore. Thus the country within our line was
effectually cleared, even the buildings, where any were
found, being pulled down and changed into floors and bunks.
Even an old church near One Mile Creek disappeared.

We had taken breakfast early on the morning of the
7th and the panic attending the engagement of that day so
demoralized the cooks and the camp generally that we

16S

North of the James. Sept. and Oct., 1864.

practically fasted until the morning of the 8th. On that
day we began to pull ourselves together, and though worn
with the struggle of the day before, began our routine of
camp duties ; some at work on the intrenchments, some
building huts, some roads, and some policing the camp.*
A large detail was engaged in the mournful task of bury-
ing the dead, first those of our own men, and next those
of the enemy who lay near our front. On the 9th the
Commissary Department came to the front with full sup-
plies and the regular routine of camp life was resumed.

A resume of the movements from September 29th to
October 10th is copied below from a letter sent home by
an officer of the Seventh.

"We are now exactly on the ground where the enemy
swept down upon us on the 7th of this month. I want you
and every one else to remember the doings of the Second
Brigade, First Division, Tenth Army Corps, during the
operations north of the James.

Behold our noble Seventh in its place in brigade line
charging the rebel rifle pits on Newmarket Heights, on the
same day prowling around the defenses of Richmond,
peering into the windows of the rebel Capitol itself.
Mark them on October 1st pushing through mud and rain
toward the "seven hills" the seat of the Confederate govern-
ment, extending as a skirmish line a mile long, dashing
through field and wood, wading streams and climbing hills,
never hesitating or wavering under the concentrated fire of
the great guns of the enemy until they made out the grand
inner line of the city's defenses. f See the Second Brigade
hurriedly occupy a dark pine wood and set itself as a wall

*Policing as applied to camp duties means cleaning and putting
in sanitary condition.

fThis is the line shown on map 3 nearly surrounding Richmond
about two miles from the city.

169

Newmarket Road. Oct. 7 to 13, 1864.

across the path of the cowering foe. Xo breastworks, no
artillery, only stout hearts and Spencer rifles. Forward go
the skirmishers, and for some time hold the enemy in check.
Our line lies down — the skirmishers are forced in, the but-
ternuts following hard after with that well known inhuman
yell.

Then at the word 'Fire by battalion, fire/ up rose the
brave boys and with a rousing union cheer gave them the
contents of their rifles. Only a moment it lasted ; no men
could stand up and face such fire at a range of fifty or
seventy-five yards. The attacking column melted away and
was gone, only those killed, wounded, or scared to death
remaining on the field. It was a furious, well delivered
attack — it was a complete repulse.

We had lost some men ; they had lost half as many
men as we had on the field. We pursued them after bring-
ing in their wounded and attending to our own. The next
morning we buried their dead. They were from Alabama,
Georgia, South Carolina, and Texas. The attack was by
two full divisions, Field's and Hoke's."

On the nth of October General Terry was assigned to
the command of the Tenth Corps relieving General Birney,
who had previously been in command of the corps while
Terry commanded the First Division. On the 12th General
Hawley returned from the North and resumed command
of the Second Brigade. About this time the Connecticut
soldiers in our command were permitted to vote at presi-
dential election, commissioners appointed by Governor
Buckingham having been sent to the field to receive their
votes.

On the 13th the First and Third Division of the Tenth
Corps made a reconnaissance on the Darbytown road a
mile or two above Johnson's house. The Second Brigade
pressed the enemy into his works and kept him there all

170

Darbytown Road. October 13 1864.

day. The part taken by the Seventh is thus reported by
Captain Atwell :

Headquarters Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
Near Richmond, Vav October 14, 1864.
Lieutenant :

I have the honor to make the following report of the part
taken by my command in the action of October 13 :

The regiment was formed at 4 A. M., and we took up our line
of march through our works, and in the direction of the Darby-
town road and toward Richmond, in connection with the rest of
the brigade, my position being on the right. After marching about
one mile and a half we were halted, and I received orders from
General Hawley to deploy my regiment as skirmishers so as to
cover the front of the brigade. The regiment numbered thirteen
commissioned officers and about 175 enlisted men. Companies A
and F were held as the right reserve, under command of Captain
Townsend, and Companies D and I as the left reserve, under com-
mand of Captain Perry. Shortly after sunrise I received orders
to advance, which we did until it was very evident that we .were
cautiously on account of the thick undergrowth of trees in the
woods through which we passed. After advancing about 500 yards
we received a few shots from the enemy's pickets, but they soon
retired when our fire was delivered at them, and we were ordered
to advance, whch we did until it was very evident that we were
very near the enemy's works, as their tones of command could be
heard distinctly. I soon received orders to move forward and feel
of the enemy and ascertain their force if possible. We were soon
met by a most terrific volley of musketry, which showed plainly
that the enemy were in line of battle behind their works. The
most of our line stood firm, seeking such cover as the trees and
ground would afford, but the right fell back a few rods, owing to
a misunderstanding of the orders. They were soon rallied, and our
line established again. We lay in this position until about noon,
when I was ordered to advance my line to the slashing, which was
about forty yards in front of us, and to open a vigorous fire upon
the enemy, whenever we heard the charge which the First Brigade
were preparing to make. I accordingly advanced the line, but
as it gave the enemy a good view of us, they opened another terrific
fire of musketry and canister, and our line was compelled to fall

171

Charles City Road. October 14 to 27, 1864.

back about seventy-five yards, and was very soon after re-estab-
lished in our former position, where we lay until near nightfall,
when we received orders to fall back and join the brigade, when
we were marched back to camp again, arriving in camp at about
6 P. M.

My loss in the day's engagement is five killed, twenty-seven
wounded, and one missing. I append a list of casualties.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

S. S. Atwell,
Captain Seventh Conn. Volunteers, Commanding Regiment.

Lieut. E. Lewis Moore,

Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2nd Brig., 1st Div., 10th Army Corps.

In this reconnaissance fell the gallant Major Camp of
the Tenth Connecticut, whom Chaplain Henry Clay Trum-
bull has immortalized in his book "The Knightly Soldier."
From the 14th to the 26th no important movement took
place on the part of our brigade.

On the 27th General Meade with all the troops that
could be spared from the intrenchments, made an attempt
to extend the Union lines to the South Side Railroad. It
was believed that the enemy's line extended only to the
crossing of Hatcher's Run by the Boydtown plank road, and
that it was not completed even thus far and was weakly
manned. The information on which the belief was based
was found to be incorrect, so that the attempt failed, but
owing principally to the gallantry of Hancock's and Craw-
ford's corps some 900 prisoners were captured, and several
colors.

In order to veil this attempt on the part of Meade, and
also to prevent reinforcements being sent against him from
the north side of Richmond, the Tenth Corps under General
Terry was ordered to make a demonstration on the Darby-
town road, the right of the line resting on the Charles City
road. The part in this movement taken by us is thus
reported by Captain Atwell :

172

Charles City Road. Oct. 27 to 29, 1864.

Headquarters Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
Near Richmond. Va., October 31, 1864.
Lieutenant :

1 have the honor to make the following report of the part
taken by the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers in the late reconnais-
sance of October 27 and 28:

The regiment left camp near Spring Hill at 4:30 o'clock on
the morning of the 27th instant, with one acting adjutant, two line
officers, and 150 men, and proceeded with the brigade of which we
form a part to within a short distance of the enemy's works near
Darby town road. I was then ordered to deploy my regiment as
skirmishers, which was done, the left wing doing the skirmishing,
and the right acting as reserve for the same. I established the
skirmish line near the enemy's works at 10 A. M. the 27th, when
I was ordered to advance upon the enemy and feel of their works.
I immediately moved my regiment forward, advancing some 300
yards, when we encountered the enemy's skirmishers and drove
them behind their works. Here we remained until 11 A. M. the
following day, when I received orders to fall back, which was done
to the satisfaction of all concerned. I then marched the regiment
off the field in the rear of the brigade, which we joined near the
Darbytown road, when we received orders to march to camp, where
we arrived at 4 P. M. the 28th instant.

Second Lieut. Morton A. Taintor was shot through the bowels,
on the 27th while gallantly performing his duty, living only an
hour. In his death the government loses a brave defender and his
regiment a good soldier.

Our loss in killed was one; wounded, four; total, five.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

S. S. At well.
Lieut. Ferdinand Davis,

Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., 2nd Brig., 1st Div., 10th Army Corps.

On the 29th of October General Hawley resumed com-
mand of the brigade which, until the 2nd of November,
remained in camp on the precise ground where it repulsed
the enemy October 7th.

173

CHAPTER XIX.

THE EXPEDITION TO NEW YORK.

On the night of November 2nd General Hawley was put
in command of a Provisional Division for duty at New
York. This division included his brigade, four other regi-
ments from the First Division, Tenth Corps, and five from
the Eighteenth Corps. General Hawley commanded the
division, Colonel Abbott one brigade and Colonel Rockwell
the other.

The necessity for this expedition arose from two causes.
The time of enlistment of the three years' men had expired
or was expiring ; the immense loss in the actions of the
summer had depleted the army. Large bounties only
brought to us bounty jumpers who deserted the first time
they were placed on the picket line, or if we contrived to
keep them they were worthless. It became necessary to
resort to a draft. This, on the eve of a presidential elec-
tion when party spirit ran high, aroused bitter opposition
among the rougher elements of New York City. General
Dix, who was in command, feared that the opposition to
the draft, added to political excitement, might cause a riot
before which the civil authorities would be powerless, and
in order to avoid this requested that sufficient troops might
be stationed near the city to keep order and secure a quiet
election.

The division embarked November 3rd, changing vessels
at Fortress Monroe and reported to General Butler at New
York November 6th. The infantry disembarked at Fort
Richmond, the artillery at Fort Hamilton. On the 8th in
the morning (election day), all the troops re-embarked,
Colonel Abbott with the Seventh Connecticut on the armed

174

New York Expedition. November 8 to 25, 1864.

transport "Augusta," took post off Catherine Street Ferry,
East River. Colonel Rockwell, with the Sixth Connecticut
and others on the "Jonn Round," off the foot of West 26th
Street, North River, and Lieutenant Colonel Randlett with
the Third New Hampshire on the ferryboat "Westfield,"
off West 42nd Street, North River. General Hawley
commanded the whole. General Butler's headquarters
were at the Hoffman House. Everything was in readiness,
the ferryboats with artillery were in the slips, the horses
hitched, and the infantry lay off the piers in marching
order.

The day passed quietly, no troops were seen in the city
except the headquarters' guard. The force remained near
the city for about a week, then returned to their camp
near Laurel Hill, reaching there about the 17th.* They
found to their dismay that their warm huts had been torn
down and carried away by some troops occupying adjacent
grounds. So they had to resort again to tents, their stay
being most uncomfortable. November 25th was Thanks-
giving Day. Good things were sent from home in abun-
dance, but did not reach camp until the 26th. They were
so good when they came that the delay was forgotten in
the satisfaction of a real homemade Thanksgiving dinner.
After the day was over the men went to work again to
make their quarters more comfortable, but did not succeed
in making them as snug as before, partly for lack of
material, and partly because there seemed to be a feeling
in the air that their stay in that place would not be long.
The weather was severe, rain and mud being the rule, and
snow the exception. A reorganization of corps work took
place December 1st. The Tenth and Eighteenth Corps
were discontinued. The Twenty-fourth Corps was organ-
ized from the white troops and the Twenty-fifth from the

*General Hawley resumed charge of the brigade.

175

Laurel Hill, Va. Nov. 27 to Dec. ii, 1864.

colored troops. General Hawley was placed in command
of our corps, the Twenty-fourth.

For about ten days there was quiet in camp, then
December 10th on a cold, disagreeable day, with snow on
the ground, the enemy began demonstration all along our
line. We were ordered under arms and remained in line
all day and during the night. General Hawley was in com-
mand of the division. On the morning of the nth, the
enemy having disappeared from our front, we were
remanded to our quarters.

About this time the Seventh was notified that a party
of 200 substitutes had been assigned to our regiment. Only
about half of them reached us. They deserted in squads at
every stage of the journey to the front — some at City
Point ; a smaller assignment a little earlier had miscarried
altogether. Bounty jumping had become a profession and
great losses occurred from desertions. From some of the
regiments substitutes and drafted men went over in large
numbers to the enemy. It became necessary to adopt
extreme measures to prevent it. Five men were arrested at
the advanced posts while attempting to desert to the enemy.
They were tried by a Court Martial for desertion in the
face of the enemy, found guilty and sentenced to be shot
in the presence of their division.

The division was brought up in three sides of a hollow
square looking toward an elevated position. Then the
mournful procession appeared, marching slowly to the tune
of the dead march. Each culprit sat on his coffin in a
separate ambulance, guarded by a file of trustworthy
soldiers. Arriving at the fatal spot, the men were quickly
placed by the open graves, attended by such ministers of
religion as they chose. The sentence of the Court and
warrant for their execution were read to them. Then their
arms were pinioned, their eyes blindfolded, and the guards

176

Laurel Hill, Va. Dec. 21, 1864 to Jan. i, 1865.

and chaplains withdrew. Then the line advanced, twenty
men with as many in reserve. All the rifles were loaded
with hall cartridges except one ; each man hoped that his
rifle held the blank cartridge. The men were instructed
that mercy required that they should aim directly at the
heart. At a signal the party aimed, at a second signal
fired, and nineteen bullets sped on their way. All fell
heavily forward to the ground, but an examination by the
surgeons showed that another volley was needed to com-
plete the work. Then the division was marched past the
bodies and back to camp. This severe lesson had a power
ful effect. The men were doubtless serving under
assumed names, and left no sign to mark their nameless
graves.

Christmas day, December 25th, dawned chilly, but not
freezing ; the air thick with smoke from the two hostile
camps. The day was set aside so far as the safety of the
command would permit, as a holiday. The quarters were
trimmed with holly, the boys played at different games
the band played patriotic airs and sacred music, and the
camp wore an air of Christmas cheer. To each man was
served one and a quarter pounds of fresh mutton, varying
the usual liberal rations.

January 1st General Hawley was in command of the
First Division and Colonel Abbott in command of the
Second ( Hawley 's) brigade.

As preliminary to our next movement it may be well
to turn to an expedition planned by General Grant. This
was to close to the enemy the post of Wilmington, and if
possible to capture Wilmington itself. This was important
for two reasons. First, Wilmington was the principal port
for blockade runners, and second, General Sherman was
near the coast, and after he reached there and had rested
and equipped his troops, it was desirable that we should

177

Laurel Hill, Va. January i, 1865.

have Wilmington as a base of supplies and a point where
his army could, so soon as the weather should permit,
co-operate in the destruction of Lee's army. The time
was opportune, as it was known that Bragg had left Wil-
mington and gone to Georgia.

General Grant wrote to Butler December 4, 1864, as
follows :

''I feel great anxiety to see the Wilmington expedition off,
both on account of the present fine weather, of which we can expect
no great continuance, and because Sherman may now be expected
to strike the sea coast any day, leaving Bragg free to return. I
think it advisable for you to notify Admiral Porter and get off
wthout any delay, with or without your powder boat."

U. S. Grant,

Lieutenant-General.

Butler's attempt and failure at Fort Fisher are well
known. He exploded his powder boat with no effect.
Even those in the fort did not know what it was that made
the noise. General Weitzel landed 500 men, pushed a
skirmish line within about 800 yards of the fort and recon-
noitered. On reporting to Butler, both concluded that it
would be butchery to order an assault and therefore the
troops returned to Fortress Monroe. From Grant's report
it appears that he did not expect Butler to attend the
expedition, but to transmit the orders to Weitzel who was
to have sole command. Butler did not send the orders
to Weitzel at all, but assumed the command, and thus the

Note. It seems strange that Butler who was ingenious should
have counted so much on the powder boat. If Fisher had been a
brick, or even a stone fort, the concussion caused by the explosion
of 215 tons of powder might have had some effect, but to expect
to jar down an earthwork with its parapet twenty-five feet wide,
with slopes well revetted with marsh turf and strengthened by
traverses, was like expecting a strong wind to blow Bunker Hill
into the Charles River.

178

Bermuda Landing. January 3 to 5, 1865.

responsibility for success or failure. He delayed the
movement several days for the sake of loading the powder
boat, and to this largely Grant attributes his failure, as it
gave time for 6,000 Confederate troops to return to Wil-
mington from Virginia.*

We now return to the boys of the Seventh whom we left
in camp. They were aroused at three o'clock A. M., Jan-
uary 3rd, by the reception of marching orders. It was
known that they were once more to embark on sea going
steamers, so they broke camp, not expecting to return.
Knapsacks were packed, articles not necessary were
destroyed, and old letters burned. At eleven-thirty o'clock
in the forenoon of the 4th, Hawley's brigade moved, with
orders to go directly to Bermuda Landing and bivouac
there. The day was stormy and the marching difficult. It
took until 5 P. M. to march the ten miles. Xo transports
being at hand, the brigade bivouacked in a muddy open
field without tents or wood for fire, but after a while
marched back about a mile to a sheltered position where
wood abounded. There they passed an uncomfortable
night, and a part of the next day. Snow fell during the
night to the depth of some inches, and it is difficult to
imagine a more uncomfortable bivouac.

*Official Records, serial No. 87, page 970. For interesting
information as to the feasibility of an assault see Official Records
No. 87, pages 975-977-

In justice to General Butler it should be said that when he
proposed the scheme, no one on our side knew that the fort was so
formidable. He says in his "Book" published in 1892, that he
"believed that possibly * * * the garrison would at least be so
far paralyzed as to enable, by a prompt landing of men, a seizure
of the fort."

Major Casey of the engineers, under whose superintendence
the powder boat was prepared, says : "It was hoped that the effects
produced would be the great injury, if not destruction of the forti-
fication, its armament and garrison."

179

The line of torpedoes shown on the land front was arranged to be exploded hy elec-
tricity from the fort. The fire of the navy, however, severed the wires and rendered them
harmless.

CHAPTER XX.

FORT FISHER.

Before proceeding with the work of our regiment, let
us pause to review the general situation. When Butler
abandoned the attempt on Fort Fisher, Admiral Porter with
the fleet still remained off Cape Fear River, and expressed
it as his opinion that with proper co-operation between the
land and naval forces Fort Fisher might be taken. Learn-
ins: this, General Grant advised Admiral Porter to hold on
and that he would send a force and make another attempt
to take the place. As commander he selected General
Terry. The orders to General Terry were those previously
given to General Butler, and the force the same, except
that the Second Brigade of the First Division (formerly
Hawley's brigade but then under command of Col. J. C.
Abbott) was added,* numbering nearly 1,500 men, and a
small siege train from the First Connecticut Heavy Artil-
lery. General Terry's written orders were given him on
January 3rd. The infantry force was at Bermuda Landing,
ready to start on that day, but the transports were delayed
and the entire fleet was not collected at Hampton Roads
until 9 P. M. of January 5th.

We now resume the narrative of the part taken by the
Seventh Connecticut.

The Sixth and Seventh Connecticut were embarked on
board the steamer "McClellan" and the troops sailed under
sealed orders to be opened when outside the capes. On
reaching that point the orders were opened and read : "The
fleet will rendezvous twenty miles off Beaufort, N. C."

*It was reported, and probably correctly, that this brigade was
added at General Terry's special request.

181

Fort Fisher. January 6 to 13, 1865.

As the day wore away the wind became a gale and a
miserable night was passed. The decks were cleared of
everything moveable by the seas, and at midnight men were
called to work the pumps ; the storm continued through
the day and part of the night of the 7th. Sunday morning
the 8th, the fleet was off Beaufort, Porter's fleet lying at
anchor between it and the shore. The day of the 7th was
spent at anchor in still water; but on the 10th another
storm compelled the vessels to put to sea. On the after-
noon of the nth they returned to their anchorage. There
they were ordered to sail for Fort Fisher, but soon a des-
patch boat came alongside with this message : "You wrill
not sail until the 12th."

On that day, a beautiful morning, the navy moved out,
followed by the transports, a line of more than a hundred
ships, a fine sight. At nightfall of the 13th the fleet arrived
off Fort Fisher where it lay until morning.

The capture of the fort was of so much importance that
extracts from General Terry's report are here given :

"At 4 A. M. of the 13th, the inshore division of naval vessels
stood in close to the beach to cover the landing; the transports
followed them and took positions as nearly as possible in a line
parallel to and abont 200 yards outside of them. The ironclads
moved down to within range of the fort and opened fire upon it ;
another division was placed to the northward of the landing place,
so as to protect our men from any attack from the direction of
Masonborough Inlet. At eight o'clock nearly 200 boats, besides
steam tugs, were sent from the navy to the transports, and the
disembarkation of men, provisions, tools, and ammunition simul-
taneously commenced.

At 3 P. M. nearly 8.000 men. with three days' rations in their
haversacks and forty rounds of ammunition in their boxes, six
days' supply of hard bread in bulk, 300.000 additional rounds of
small-arm ammunition, and a sufficient number of intrenching tools,
had been safely landed. The surf on the beach was still quite
high, notwithstanding that the weather had become very pleasant,

182

Fort Fisher. January 13, 1865.

and owing to it sr of the men had their rations and ammunition

ruined by water. With this exception, no accident of any kind

occurred.

As soon as the troops had commenced landing, pickets were

thrown out. They immediately encountered outposts of the enemy,

and shots were exchanged with them, but no serious engagement

occurred. A few prisoners were taken, from whom I learned that

Hoke's rebel division, which it was supposed had been sent farther

south, was still here, and that it was his outposts which we were

meeting.

The first object which I had in view after landing was to

throw a strong defensive line across the peninsula, from the Cape

Fear River to the sea, facing Wilmington, so as to protect our rear

from attack while we should be engaged in operating against

Fisher. Our maps indicated that a good position for such a line

would be found a short distance above the head of Myrtle Sound,

which is a long, shallow piece of water separated from the ocean

by a sand spit of about 100 yards in width, and communicates with

it by Masonborough Inlet. It was supposed that the right flank

of a line at that point would be protected by the sound, and being

above its head that we should by it control the beach as far up

as the inlet, and thus in case of need be able to land supplies in

quiet water there. Our landing place was selected with reference

to this idea. An examination made after we landed showed that

the sound for a long distance above its head was so shallow as to

offer no obstacle to the passage of troops at low tide, and as the

farther down the peninsula we should go the shorter would be our

line across it, it was determined to take up a position where the

maps showed a large pond, occupying nearly one-third of the width

of the peninsula, about three miles from the fort. Shortly before

five o'clock, leaving Abbott's brigade to cover our stores, the troops

were put in motion for the last named point. On arriving at it, the

"pond" was found to be a sand flat, sometimes covered with water,

giving no assistance to the defense of a line established behind it.

Nevertheless, it was determined to get a line across at this place,

and Paine's division, followed by two of Ames' brigades, made

their way through. The night was very dark, much of the ground

was a marsh and illy adapted to the construction of works and

the distance was found to be too great to be properly defended by

the troops which could be spared from the direct attack upon the

fort. It was not until 9 P. M. that Paine succeeded in reaching

183

Fort Fisher. January 14 and 15, 1865.

the river. The ground still nearer the fort was then reconnoiterecl,
and found to be much 1 setter adapted to our purposes. Accordingly,
the troops were withdrawn from their last position and established
on a line about two miles from the works.

They reached this final position at 2 A. M. of the 14th instant.
To(»ls were immediately brought up and intrenchments were com-
menced ; at eight o'clock a good breastwork, reaching from the
river to the sea and partially covered by abatis had been constructed
and was in a defensible condition. It was much improved after-
ward, but from this time our foothold on the peninsula was
secured. Early in the morning of the 14th, the landing of the
artillery was commenced, and by sunset all the light guns were
gotten on shore. During the following night they were placed on
the line, most of them near the river, where the enemy, in case
he should attack us, would be least exposed to the fire of the
gunboats. Curtis' brigade of Ames' division was moved down
towards Fisher during the morning, and at noon his skirmishers,
after capturing on their way a small steamer which had come down
the river with shells and forage for the garrison of the fort,
reached a small unfurnished outwork in front of the west end of
the land front of the work.

General Curtis, Lieutenant Colonel (now Brevet Brigadier-
General) Comstock, the chief engineer of the expedition, and
myself, under the protection of the fire of the fleet, made a careful
reconnaissance of the work, getting within 600 yards of it. The
report of General Comstock, which, with its accompanying map,
is appended hereto, gives a full description of it and its condition
at that time.

As the result of this reconnaissance, and in view of the
extreme difficulty which might be expected in landing supplies and
the material for a siege on the open and often tempestuous beach,
it was decided to attempt an assault the next day, providing that
in the meantime the fire of the navy should so far destroy the
palisades as to make one practicable. This decision was communi-
cated to Admiral Porter, who at once placed a division of his
vessels in a position to accomplish this last named object. It was
arranged in consultation with him that a heavy bombardment from
all the vessels should commence early in the morning and continue
up to the moment of the assault, and that even then it should
not cease, but should be diverted from the points of attack to other
parts of the work. It was decided that the assault should be made

184

Fort Fisher. January 15, 1865.

at 3 P. M., that the army should attack on the western half of the
land face, and that a column of sailors and marines should assault
at the northeast bastion. The fire of the navy continued during
the night.

At 8 A. M. of the 15th all of the vessels, except a division
left to aid in the defense of our northern line, moved into position,
and a fire, magnificent alike for its power and accuracy, was
opened. Ames' division had been selected for the assault. Paine
was placed in command of the defensive line, having with him
Abbott's brigade in addition to his own division. Ames' First
Brigade (Curtis') was already at the outwork above mentioned,
and intrenched close around it. His other two brigades. Penny-
packer's and Bell's, were moved at noon to within supporting dis-
tance of him. At two o'clock preparations for the assault were
commenced. Sixty sharpshooters from the Thirteenth Indiana
Volunteers, armed with the Spencer repeating carbine, and forty
others, volunteers from Curtis' brigade, the whole under command
of Lieutenant Colonel Zent. of the Thirteenth Indiana, were thrown
forward at a run to within 175 yards of the work. They were
provided with shovels and soon dug pits for shelter and commenced
firing at the parapet. As soon as this movement commenced the
parapet of the fort was manned, and the enemy's fire, both of
musketry and artillery, opened.

As soon as the sharpshooters were in position, Curtis' brigade
was moved forward by regiment at the double quick into line at
about 475 yards from the work; the men there laid down; this
was accomplished under a sharp fire of musketry and artillery,
from which, however, they soon sheltered themselves by digging
shallow trenches. When Curtis moved from the outwork Penny-
packer was brought up to it, and Bell was brought into line 200
yards in his rear. Finding that a good cover for Curtis' men could
be found on the reserve slope of a crest fifty yards in the rear of
the sharpshooters, they were moved forward, one regiment at a
time, and again covered themselves in trenches. Pennypacker fol-
lowed Curtis and occupied the ground vacated by him, and Bell
was brought up to the outwork. It had been proposed to blow
up and cut down the palisades. Bags of powder with fuses attached
had been prepared and a party of volunteer axmen organized, but
the fire of the navy had been so effective during the preceding
night and morning that it was thought unnecessary to use the
powder. The axmen, however, were sent in with the leading

185

Fort Fisher. January 15, 1865.

brigade, and did good service by making openings in portions of
the palisading, which the fire of the navy had not been able to
reach.

At 3 125 P. M. all the preparations were completed, the order
to move forward was given to Ames, and a concerted signal was
made to Admiral Porter to change the direction of the fire.
Curtis' brigade at once sprung from their trenches and dashed
forward in line; its left was exposed to a severe enfilading fire and
it obliqued to the right so as to envelop the left of the land
front. The ground over which it moved was marshy and difficult,
but it soon reached the palisades, passed through them, and effected
a lodgment on the parapet. At the same time a column of sailors
and marines, under Fleet Capt. K. R. Breese, advanced up the beach
in the most gallant manner and attacked the northeastern bastion,
but. exposed to a murderous fire, they were unable to get up the
parapet. After a severe struggle and a heavy loss of valuable
officers and men it became apparent that nothing could be effected
at that point, and they were withdrawn.

When Curtis moved forward Ames directed Pennypacker to
move up to the rear of the sharpshooters, and brought Bell up
to Pennypacker's last position, and as soon as Curtis got a foot-
hold on the parapet sent Pennypacker in to his support. He
advanced, overlapping Curtis' right, and drove the enemy from
the heavy palisading which extended from the west of the land
face to the river, capturing a considerable number of prisoners ;
then pushing forward to their left, the two brigades together drove
the enemy from about one-quarter of the land face. Ames then
brought up Bell's brigade and moved it between the work and
the river. On this side there was no regular parapet, but there
was abundance of cover afforded to the enemy by cavities from
which sand had been taken for the parapet, the ruins of barracks
and storehouses, the large magazine, and by traverses behind which
they stubbornly resisted our advance. Hand-to-hand fighting of
the most desperate character ensued, the huge traverses of the land
face being used successively by the enemy as breastworks, over
the tops of which the contending parties fired in each other's faces.
Nine of these were carried, one after the other, by our men.

When Bell's brigade was ordered into action I foresaw that
more troops would probably be needed, and sent an order for
Abbott's brigade to move down from the north line, at the same
time requesting Captain Breese to replace them with his sailors

186

Fort Fisher. January 15, 1865.

and marines. I also directed General Paine to send me one of
the strongest regiments of his own division; these troops arrived
at dusk and reported to General Ames. At six o'clock Abbott's
brigade went into the fort, the regiment from Paine's division,
the Twenty-seventh U. S. colored troops, Bvt. Brig. Gen. A. M.
Blackmail commanding, was brought up to the rear of the work,
where it remained under fire for some time, and was then with-
drawn. Until six o'clock the fire of the navy continued upon that
portion of the work not occupied by us. After that time it was
directed on the beach, to prevent the coming up of re-enforcements
which it was thought might possibly be thrown over from the right
bank of the river to Battery Buchanan. The fighting for the
traverses continued till nearly nine o'clock, two more of them being
carried ; then a portion of Abbott's brigade drove the enemy from
their last remaining strongholds, and the occupation of the work
was completed. The same brigade, with General Blackmail's regi-
ment, were immediately pushed down the point to Battery Buch-
anan, whither many of the garrison had fled. On reaching the
batten- all of the enemy who had not been previously captured
were made prisoners; among them were Major-General Whiting,
and Colonel Lamb, the commandant of the fort.

At about four o'clock in the afternoon Hoke advanced against
our north line, apparently with the design of attacking it, but if
such was his intention he abandoned it after a skirmish with our
pickets. During the day Bvt. Brig. Gen. H. L. Abbott, chief of
artillery, was busily engaged in landing artillery and ammunition,
so that if the assault failed siege operations might at once be com-
menced. Consequent to the fall of Fisher the enemy, during the
night of the 16th and 17th, blew up Fort Caswell, and abandoned
both it and their very extensive works on Smith's Island, at Smiths
ville and Reeves' Point, thus placing in our hands all the works
erected to defend the mouth of the Cape Fear River.

In all the works were found 169 pieces of artillery, nearly all
of which are heavy, over 2.000 stand of small arms, considerable
quantities of commissary stores, and full supplies of ammunition.
Our prisoners numbered 112 commissioned officers and 1,971
enlisted men.

I have no words to do justice to the behavior of both officers
and men on this occasion ; all that men could do, they did. Better
soldiers never fought. Of General Ames I have already spoken
in a letter recommending his promotion. He commanded all the

187

Fort Fisher. January 15, 1865.

troops engaged, and was constantly under fire. His great coolness,
good judgment, and skill were never more conspicuous than in
this assault. Brigadier-General Curtis, and Colonels Pennypacker.
Bell, and Abbott, the brigade commanders, led them with the
utmost gallantry. Curtis was wounded after fighting in the front
rank, rifle in hand ; Pennypacker, while carrying the standard of
one of his regiments, the first man in a charge over a traverse;
Bell was mortally wounded in the palisades.

Brigadier-General Paine deserves high praise for the zeal and
energy displayed by him in constructing our defensive line, a work
absolutely essential to our success.

Brevet Brigadier General Blackman deserves mention for the
prompt manner in which he brought his regiment up to the work,
and afterward followed up the retreating enemy.

To Bvt. Brig. Gen. C. B. Comstock, aide-de-camp on the staff"
of the lieutenant-general. I am under the deepest obligations. At
every step of our progress I received from him the most valuable
assistance. For the final success of our part of the operations the
country is more indebted to him than to me.

Col. George S. Dodge, chief quartermaster of the Army of
the James, accompanied me as chief quartermaster of the force
under my command. His able and energetic performance of his
multifarious duties was all that could be wished for, and reflects
the highest honor upon him.

Surg. Xorman S. Barnes, U. S. Volunteers, medical director,
and Surg. A. J. H. Buzzell, Third New Hampshire Volunteers,
medical inspector of the expedition, discharged their laborious
duties on the field and in the hospital in a manner most creditable
to their ability and humanity. I desire to express my high appre-
ciation of the services of these officers.

I shall have the honor to submit a supplemental report in
reference to those subordinate officers and enlisted men who dis-
distinguished themselves on this occasion.

I should signally fail to do my duty were I to omit to speak
in terms of the highest admiration of the part borne by the navy
in our operations. In all ranks, from Admiral Porter to his sea-
men, there was the utmost desire not only to do their proper
work, but to facilitate in every possible manner the operations of
the land forces. To him and to the untiring efforts of his officers
and men we are indebted that our men. stores, tools, and ammuni-
tion were safely and expeditiously landed, and that our wounded

188

Fort Fisher. January 15, 1865.

and prisoners were embarked for transportation to the North; to
the great accuracy and power of their tire it is owing that we had
not to confront a formidable artillery in the assault, and that we
were able, with but little loss, to push forward the men, preparatory
to it, to a point nearly as favorably for it, as the one they would
have occupied had siege operations been undertaken and the work
systematically approached. The assault of the sailors and marines,
although it failed, undoubtedly contributed somewhat to our suc-
cess, and certainly nothing could surpass the perfect skill with
which the fleet was handled by its commander. Every request
which I made to Admiral Porter was most cheerfully complied
with, and the utmost harmony had existed between us from the
outset to the present time.

I forward herewith Ames' report.

I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant.

Alfred H. Terry,

Major-General.

Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlings,

Chief of Staff. City Point, Va.

As will be seen, the part assigned to Abbott's brigade
was to defend the troops from forces sent down from Wil-
mington. This was an important part, but did not prove
dangerous, General Whiting, who commanded the dis-
trict, blames General Bragg for not attacking our north
line and driving us away. He even goes so far as to say
that permitting Abbott's brigade to intrench and remain
caused the loss of the fort. Again and again he sent dis-
patches to Bragg, saying that unless he would send down a
force strong enough to demolish our north line the tort
was lost.

General Hoke with 6,000 troops was stationed on the
peninsula to watch the Union forces. All that he did was
to watch until the 15th. At about 3 P. M. that day he
learned that we were forming in line for an assault and
formed his command to attack us. Bragg's report is that
"he found a heavy line of battle along our whole front in

189

Fort Fisher.

January 15, 1865.

From Hist, let Art'j-.

INTERIOR OF FORT FISHER.

The mounds in the distance are at the north end of the fort where the assault was made.
Each one was a magazine, and guns were mounted between them. In the foreground is a Whit-
worth gun bearing the arrow of England. It was said to have been presented to Jefferson
Davis by the British government.

rear of the intrenchments which were well manned." He
says nothing about attacking us. General Terry says : "At
about four o'clock in the afternoon Hoke advanced against
our north line apparently with the design of attacking it,
but if such was his intention he abandoned it after a skir-
mish with our pickets." There is a little story connected
with this skirmish, which being overshadowed by the
assault on the fort was quite naturally passed over with
the above slight mention.

190

Fort Fisher. January 15, 1865.

The facts were, that the First Heavy Artillery had just
succeeded in getting their guns ashore. This had to be
done by lowering them into boats and rowing them as near
the shore as possible, then after attaching ropes, dumping
them into the sea, when 200 men pulled each of them
through the surf to land.

While the gunners were swabbing out the sand and salt
water, Hoke's Division advanced from some thick woods.
The gunboats began firing on them over the men's heads.
The sequel is thus related by a sergeant of the First Heavy
Artillery r:

" While the gunboats wrere firing over us a heavy sea
was running and the gunboats were rolling up and down.
I could not help thinking what would happen to us if a
gunner should pull the lanyard a little too soon or a little
too late. The Seventh Connecticut was supporting us ;
they fired one volley to test the range I suppose, then
waited. The enemy apparently supposing their rifles were
empty, set up their well known yell and started on a double
quick. Still the Seventh waited until they were sure they
had a good shot, then began to pump the bullets into them
in a way which stopped their noise and sent their dis-
ordered ranks scurrying back to the woods."

The bovs of the Seventh can read a o^ood deal between
the lines. Hoke's division had charged upon us at New-
market road to their great cost ; they had lain opposite us
for some weeks in front of Richmond, and frequent skir-
mishes had taught them that when the seven shooters began
to roar it was time for them to go away back and lie down.

General Terry's report has given briefly the work done
by Abbott's brigade, of which the Seventh was a part after
six o'clock. Ames' brigade had done the hardest part of

*This is confirmed by Captain Thompson who was in command
of the Seventh.

191

Fort Fisher. January 15, and 16, 1865.

the work and the men remaining in the fort surrendered
squad after squad as Abbott's fresh troops advanced on
them with the Spencers of the Seventh Connecticut and
Seventh New Hampshire until about nine o'clock, when the
last stand was made and the last step gained. Then went
up shouts of victoiw up the beach, along the defensive line,
and from the ships of the fleet.

Abbott's brigade at once formed line of battle beyond
the fort and advanced on the remaining works. The
"Mound Battery" was found deserted with its flag still
flying. This came down with a run and was passed along
to General Terry who was near, a proud and happy man.
Battery Buchanan, at Federal Point, the last work, was
formally surrendered to Colonel Abbott. We secured the
prisoners, paraded them on the beach in companies of
fifties and counting them, found 2,000. We turned them
over to Ames' division and returned to our bivouac on the
north line, where we arrived at 4 A. M. on the 16th and
lay down to rest,

January 16th General Terry received the following let-
ter from the War Department :

Steamer S. R. Spaulding.

Off Fort Fisher, January 16. 1865.
Major-General Terry,

Commanding, etc. :
The Secretary of War, in the name of the President, congratu-
lates you and the gallant officers and soldiers of your command,
and tenders you thanks for the valor and skill displayed in your
part of the great achievement in the operations against Fort Fisher
and in its assault and capture. The combined operations of the
squadron under command of Rear-Admiral Porter and your forces
deserve and will receive the thanks of the nation, and will be held
in admiration throughout the world as a proof of the naval and
military prowess of the United States.

Edwin M. Stanton,

Secretary of War.
192

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ta

Fort Fisher. January 15 to 26, 1865.

January 26th Congress passed a vote of thanks, which,
beautifully engrossed on white satin, hangs in the Terry
mansion. A photograph is given on opposite page.

Captain Thompson was wounded on reaching the fort
at about six o'clock and the command devolved on Capt.
W. S. Marble. Although the work of the Seventh has been
included in that 01 Abbott's brigade, his report is given
below :

Headquarters Seventh Regiment Connecticut Volunteers.
Near Fort Fisher, N. C, January 17. 1865.
Captain :

I have the honor to transmit the following report of the part
taken by this regiment after I assumed command, which I did
immediately upon Captain Thompson being wounded :

Reporting to Colonel Abbott, I received orders to march the
regiment into a covered way, leading from near the sally-port
toward the center of the fort. Here we were supplied with shovels,
and ordered to move forward thirty paces and deploy in a line
extending from the eighth traverse to the river, and nearly at
right angles with the line of traverses. We were deployed in
groups of three, with orders to dig pits for our protection from the
fire of the enemy, which at this time was quite annoying. Owing
to a lack of shovels many of the men were obliged to lie for some
time without cover, and before the work was completed we had
suffered a loss of one killed and four wounded from the fire of
the fleet, which dropped many shells among us. In consequence
of a rise of ground in front of the right wing they were unable
to fire, but the left wing engaged the enemy vigorously, driving
them from two traverses, which advantage we were unable to
follow up, as an advance would have necessitated an extension of
our line. From this time we continued our fire, under cover of
which an advance was made by other portions of the brigade, who
drove the enemy into their bomb-proofs, when, seeing the last
traverse cleared, we ceased firing. In accordance with instructions
received from Captain Caryl, inspector general of the brigade, we
remained in this position until 2 A. M., when we were ordered
to bring up the rear of a column of prisoners. Upon arriving near
the headquarters of the brevet major-general commanding, we were
dismissed by the brigade commander and marched to the position
occupied by the regiment on the previous day.

I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Wm. S. Marble,
Captain Seventh Regiment Conn. Vols.
Capt. E. Lewis Moore,

Assistant Adjutant-General, Second Brigade.

195

CHAPTER XXL

WILMINGTON.

We left the Seventh in the trenches about two miles
north of the fort. Here the 17th and 18th were spent in
re-organizing and resting. On the 19th Colonel Abbott
with the Seventh Connecticut and Seventh New Hampshire
made a reconnaissance toward Wilmington, and after a
smart skirmish captured fifty-five prisoners.

Captain Blackman, the brigade quartermaster, went to
Fortress Monroe to get our camp and garrison equipage.
From the 23rd to the 31st while waiting for our baggage,
we were engaged in rebuilding our works and pushing a
new line in front. Xo letters had been received since reach-
ing Fort Fisher. The enemy was close upon us, and eternal
vigilance was the price of safety. From the 1st to the 10th
of February we drilled our men and brushed up ; mails
arrived but were slow.

On the nth a general advance was made in the direc-
tion of Wilmington. We gained about three miles, had
severe skirmishing with slight loss ; Abbott's brigade cap-
tured a line of Confederate outworks, with sixty prisoners.
From the 12th to the 18th bad weather and other things
which we did not understand kept us still at Ocean Pond,
six miles north of Fort Fisher. On the 19th at 8 A. M.
we resumed the advance, and skirmishing all day long,
gained six miles, reaching what appeared to be the enemy's
main line. Here we intrenched and spent the night.

When day dawned we discovered that the enemy had
left our immediate front, and also evacuated Fort Anderson
on the other side of Cape Fear River ; this was said to be in
consequence of the approach of Schofield's troops. We

196

Wilmington February 19 to 22, 1865.

pushed on at once, leaving behind everything that would
impede our march. At a point about five miles from
Wilmington we again found the enemy strongly posted.
We halted, and by the use of our shovels made our position
secure for the night. The next day, February 21st, was
spent in scouting and reconnoitering.

At daylight on the 22nd word was passed along the line,
''They have gone." We moved forward at once, our bri-
gade in advance, and soon entered the city, the enemy leav-
ing at the same time from the opposite side toward North
East Ferry along the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.

The people welcomed us, even the whites, with every
indication of joy. They filled the streets, some crying
aloud, one man waving the United States flag from a
window as we passed. How our boys did cheer that flag !
The negroes outdid the whites in their manifestation of
joy. The young ones danced to the music of the bands as
they ran along at the head of the column, chattering and
throwing up their ragged caps. The old ones, with all sorts
of affectionate expressions, clapping their hands, bowing
their heads, and embracing one another. The scene was
indescribable ; to witness it and be a part of it was recom-
pense for all the perils and deprivations of the campaign.

But we saw another sight which made our blood boil
and caused even the most kindly disposed to thirst for ven-
geance. In the swamps, in the deserted outbuildings, in
the poor huts of the negroes and by the wayside we found
numbers of our poor men who had fallen prisoners into
their hands and whom our rapid march had compelled
them to abandon. We found them singly, by twos and by
dozens dying of disease and privation. We found that
morning six dead. These we buried decently ; the living
we collected, fed and clothed. Then we pushed on after
their retreating force, our brigade still in the lead. We

i97

Wilmington. February 22, 1865.

came upon them at Fisher's Creek, a half mile beyond the
town, where they had fired the bridge and attempted to
stand behind it. We soon drove them back, extinguished
the fires, passed the bridge, and continued our pursuit.
Eieht miles of an unmolested march brought us to another
creek and bridge which they again sought to burn and so
delav us. We crossed in spite of the fire and again set
their rear guard in motion. Two miles further on was
Northeast Cape Fear River, spanned by a substantial rail-
road bridge, and a pontoon bridge. Here they made a
determined stand, partially burned the railroad bridge,
escaped across the pontoon, and cut it loose on our side
of the river.

The brigade bivouacked on the river bank, headquarters
being established in the old ferry house. During the night
they crept down to the bank and opened upon us with small
arms, hoping to drive us back so that they could complete
the destruction of the bridge, but we held our ground and
prevented further damage, while we made and drank our
coffee in spite of them.

In the morning they had withdrawn from the river
bank, but we could see their mounted videttes half a mile
up the road, the intervening space being thick undergrowth
and a swamp.

198

CHAPTER XXII.

EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS.

At about 10 A. M. February 23rd, a flag of truce was
reported coming down the road. Capt. E. L. Moore of
General Hawley's staff was sent with an oarsman and
orderly to meet it. Crossing the river in a leaky flat boat,
after proceeding some distance up the road he met Captain
Geary and Lieutenant Devant with a sealed communication
addressed to General Terry. Having been forwarded, it
was found to contain a proposition from the Confederate
Commissioner of Exchanges to deliver at that point 10,000
Union prisoners of war, then in Confederate hands. An
interview with Colonel Hatch, Confederate agent, fol-
lowed, and it was arranged that the delivery should be there
and to begin on a day in the near future to be agreed upon.
Meantime, active operations at that point to cease, and the
ground between the lines to be neutral.

General Terry for the Union side, appointed General
Abbott special agent for exchange, and Capt. E. L. Moore
was designated as his assistant; the day set was February
26th.

The news of the intended exchange spread through the
camps and the men at once began to prepare a generous
welcome for the expected guests. Food, drink, clothing
and a home awaited the prisoners.

The pontoon bridge was repaired, an arch of flags was
reared at the landing on the Union side of the river, and
the camps were made gay with evergreens and the national
colors. Two thousand per day was the number agreed
upon to be delivered.

On the morning of the 26th, General Abbott, Captain

199

Near Cape Fear River. February 26, 1865.

Moore, Captain Marble and Lieutenant Spiene, with a small
guard crossed the river under a white flag, and met there
Colonel Hatch and his staff, who had arrived by a special
train. While waiting, Colonel Hatch entertained the Union
officers in his private car and the conversation was general
and entertaining.

At 2 P. M. two long trains arrived filled with men and
at once the work of receiving them commenced. Those
who could walk were to be marched across the pontoon
bridge to onr lines ; those unable to walk were to be carried
on board a steamer and taken to Wilmington.

As the stronger ones came to the cars in single file, Mr.
Quarles, citizen of Richmond on the Confederate side, and
Captain Moore on the Union side, stood at the car steps,
one on either side, and counted them, each laying his hand
on every man as he passed, calling out the number and
passing him from captivity to liberty. For every fifty a tally
was made. Sixteen hundred and six marched through the
line to freedom that day. Then the train ran out to the
river and the sick and weak were brought out.

Their condition was horrible. Woe-begone in expres-
sion, ragged and filthy, covered with vermin, bowed and
shaking like old men, with wild and sunken eyes, long,
unkempt hair, shuffling rather than walking along, smiling
with pitiable and ghastly smiles, and staring with vacant
eyes, they presented a sad contrast to our well fed and
active troops. The little food they had in their grimy
haversacks was coarse, dry corn meal and raw peas and
beans, which some in their hunger were trying to eat.
Among those brought out to the boat were six, who in the
opinion of the surgeons could not live through the night.
Last of all one was brought out who had died on the
journey. He could not be named or counted.

When the men who could walk saw the old flag and the

200

Near Cape Fear River. Feb. 26 to Mar. i, 1865.

boys in blue they were frantic with joy. They tossed their
dirty caps in air and waved their tattered blankets. They
kicked off their ragged shoes and threw away their mean
food.

The boys received the returned prisoners on the Union
side of the river with cheers and music — with helping
hands and hot coffee, and such food as they had. The
poor fellows were so hungry that at sight of food and drink
they became a mob. They rushed upon the camp kettles
so eagerly that many were overturned and it became neces-
sary to place a strong guard over the cook tents and to
compel them to approach in single file, each to receive only
the ration prepared for him. Vigorous measures were also
taken to cleanse and clothe them all.

By the evening of March 1st we had received 6,518 in
all of officers and men. On that day a whole train load
(990) officers were received, among them the officers of
the Seventh Connecticut who were captured at Fort Wag-
ner July 11, 1863, namely, Captains V. B. Chamberlain
and Jerome Tourtellotte.

Chamberlain had surrendered at Wagner to Captain
Chichester who fought the battery under whose guns he
had taken shelter. In 1901, after both Captains Chamber-
lain and Chichester were dead, the widow of the latter sent
Captain Chamberlain's sword to his family who received
it with grateful recognition of the kind feeling which
prompted the act. It is interesting to know that Captains
Chamberlain and Chichester were born the same year and
but two months apart, that Captain Chichester's father was
born in Connecticut, and that Mrs. Chichester's maiden
name was Chamberlain.

201

CHAPTER XXIII.

DEPARTMENT OF WILMINGTON.

At daylight March 2nd the brigade returned to Wil-
mington. General Hawley arrived from the Army of the
James and was assigned to the Department of Wilmington,
which included all the country in rear of the army operating
from the base of Cape Fear River. He was also charged
with the duties of Provost Marshall General of the district.
General Terry, with the remainder of the force marched
toward Weldon. General Schofield, with his army from the
West, was assigned to the command of all the forces
co-operating with Sherman and moving towards Goldsboro.
General Abbott was assigned to the command of the Post
of Wilmington.

From the 3rd of March onward, the work of the
Seventh, though no less arduous than before, was of a very
different nature, consisting of fatigue and guard duty,
policing the city and nursing the sick. The schools and
churches, the post office and customhouse were
reopened; hospitals were improvised in the large ware-
houses and the great number of sick among the exchanged
prisoners were given such attention and care as was possible
with the scanty hospital stores at command.

Much confusion and distress prevailed among the poor
people of the city and surrounding country. The Sanitary
Commission appeared with a shipload of supplies, and to
restore order, relieve the needy and nurse the sick, kept
every one hard at work.

On the nth and 12th of March commissioners from
Connecticut arrived to receive the ballots of the soldiers
for governor of that state.

202

Dept. of Wilmington. March 13 to 21, 1865.

More than 1,000 sick were in the hospitals. Epidemic
prison fever had appeared, and began to spread among the
attendants.

On the 13th of March a communication was received
from General Sherman. He had reached Fayetteville, 100
miles up the river. He reported his army "in splendid
fighting condition, afraid of no one." On the same day
General Hawley met at the residence of a former prominent
secessionist eighteen leading men of the city, embracing
men from all the professions. They renounced their
allegiance to the Southern Confederacy and swore to sup-
port the Government of the United States.

The work of cleaning the city, regulating trade, supply-
ing the necessities of the poor and sick, the collecting of
abandoned property filled every day with work. The citi-
zens talked loyally, though their children sometimes spoke
unadvisedly. A Union officer calling on a family said to
a bright little boy, "Sonny, where is your papa?" "The

d d Yankees have got him," was the reply. A little

girl whose mother was apparently friendly said, ''Jeff
Davis is a better man than Lincoln, for Jeff Davis prays."
"So does Lincoln" said her mother. "Yes," was the reply,
"but I 'spose God thinks he is joking."

On the 2 1st between six and seven thousand refugees
from Sherman arrived at Wilmington. Our means were
taxed to the uttermost to support them. The negroes were
most exacting. Every one wanted "a big house, rations
and a mule."

At this time we saw our darkest hours. The chaplains
and surgeons who had devoted themselves unremittingly
to the sick prisoners began to break down. Chaplain
Eaton of the Seventh Connecticut took the fever and died.
Doctor Palmer also died ; Chaplain Tiffany of the Sixth
Connecticut, Surgeons Buzzell and Kimball of the New

203

Dept. of Wilmington. Mar. 21 to April 19, 1865.

Hampshire regiments and Surgeon Robinson of the Sixth
Connecticut were very ill. A large number of the detailed
nurses were prostrated and many died.

Mrs. Hawley. whose heart went out to the boys when
suffering, arrived on that date, and soon commenced her
angelic ministrations. We were then in communication
with Sherman, Schofield and Terry from the neighborhood
of Bentonville and Goldsboro, and the lines were gathering
for the final attack on Lee's army. Of the surgeons who
treated the exchanged prisoners, only one, Doctor Jarvis
of the Seventh Connecticut was fit for duty on the 1st of
April. The health of the city began to improve. On the
2nd of April we were in full communication with Golds-
boro.

On the 6th came the news that General Grant had started
a successful movement against Petersburg, which filled us
with joy and made us think of home. On the 16th we
received Xew York papers to the 13th with news of Lee's
surrender and the progress of Sherman. Our joy at this
was chilled a day later by the news of Lincoln's assassina-
tion. At first the news came by wire and was only known
to a few. In the afternoon of the 14th a vessel arriving
from Fortress Monroe confirmed the sad tidings and then
a wail went up from the whole city and from the camps.
The comrades looked in each other's faces, clasped hands,
but could scarcely speak. Each one closed his lips with
determination, while grief and a desire for revenge strug-
gled for the mastery. On the 19th an article appeared in
the "Wilmington Herald of the Union' signed by J. R. H.
In the following extracts the boys will recognize General
Hawley's style. After relating the circumstances of the
assassination he said in part :

"And so this new villainy, legitimate spawn of slavery
and rebellion has striken the nation in a sore place. Words

204

Dept. of Wilmington. April 19 to 27, 1865.

are feeble when we think of the deep sorrow that falls
upon the people. It will soon prove that never has a ruler
so entrenched himself in the affections of a nation. He
was clear in his moral and political truth, steady and calm
in his purposes, sagacious, patient, long-suffering and rilled
with love for us all. North and South. None but fanatics
as wild and few in number as those who did this most
senseless, foul and cowardly murder have ever attacked his
purity of motive.

"The slowly gathered, deliberate verdict of history will
give equal praise to his wisdom. We shall all do well to
mourn. The loyal of all sections will weep ; honorable
men of all classes will lament that such a stain for the
first time fell upon American Republicanism. Let those
who see this wicked labor of rebellion coming to a fruitless
end join the saddest mourners, for the South has lost her
best friend. Let them mourn long, for no other man could
so persuade the people to offer almost universal pardon
and love.

"Liberty may droop her head to shed a tear, but she is
not discouraged or faltering. With new solemnity and a
still more unconquerable purpose, we all now cry out with
one voice that this continent must be free. Before God we
say, if it takes a hundred years; if it takes another ocean
of blood ; if the red hot iron must be touched to every
acre, there shall be an end to slavery and treason."

Abraham Lincoln goes to his grave in noble company.
With the great multitudes of his boys who have cheerfully
given their lives under the old flag for the good of their
fellow men, the weary man lies down to rest.

And when they all come together before the Great
Ruler, whom would they choose but him to speak for them ?
And who of them all could better say, "I have done what
I could, Lord, accept the sacrifice."

205

L)i-:i*t. of Wilmington. Apr. 27 to May 17, 1865.

( >n the 27th of April came news of the surrender of
Johnston, and that Sherman's army was about to start for
Washington. It was said that the Tenth and Twenty-third
Corps, Terry's and Schofield's, were to remain a while on
the Atlantic seaboard. On the morning of the 30th ( ren-
eral Sherman reached Wilmington by special train from
Goldsboro on his way to Charleston. He was escorted to
General Hawley's residence where a lunch was served.
Afterward, in an informal way many citizens and soldiers
were presented to him. Embarking at noon for Federal
Point, General and Mrs. Hawley, General and Mrs. Abbott
and others accompanied him by invitation. The steamer
ran aground, and while waiting for the tide, Sherman
entertained the company with stories of his great campaigns
and gave his views of the present and hopes for the future.
He gave each member of the party his autograph. He said
that while in the field he was constantly importuned by
letter for his autograph and a lock of his hair. He turned
over the letters to a red-headed orderly of his and directed
him to enclose a lock of his own hair and write simply
W. T. Sherman.

For about six weeks the Seventh remained at Wilming-
ton engaged in pleasing duties of reconstruction. The
responsibility of course rested on General Hawley's broad
shoulders and those of his staff officers. All that the men
had to do was to attend to provost and escort duties faith-
fully and politely, and though official records make no
mention of how these duties were performed, that very fact
is significant. We all knowr that if a private soldier does
his duty faithfully, records are silent. If he is neglectful
or disobedient he is known at regimental headquarters.

Under the beneficent rule of the department com-
mander, the white schools were soon running on half time;
the colored schools flourished as they had never done

206

Dept. of Wilmington. May 17 to June 4, 1865.

before. The officers had much to interest them. Visits
were paid to them by Secretary Chase, accompanied by his
daughter Kate, Rev. Doctor Fuller of Baltimore and others.
They were of course entertained and shown the sights and
Mr. Chase made a speech to the Wilmington people.

On the 17th of May news came of the capture of Jeff
Davis and this emphasized the fact that the war was over.
The people of North Carolina generally seemed to accept
the result without murmuring, and were glad of an oppor-
tunity to collect their scattered families and restore their
decayed fortunes.

General Schofield issued orders directing each corps and
district commander to send to each county under his juris-
diction a discreet officer with a sufficient force to organize
a small company of responsible, loyal citizens to serve as
a local police force. They were to be furnished with cap-
tured arms and ammunition. They were obliged to take
the oath of allegiance to the United States Government, and
an oath to preserve the peace, prevent crime and arrest
criminals as far as practicable within their counties, and to
obey all lawful orders of the military authorities of the
United States. Each person arrested by them was to be
sent to the nearest Post, with a full statement of his crime
and names of witnesses, for trial before a military com-
mission. General Hawley, Captain Marble and Lieutenant
Augur, escorted by twenty men of the Seventh Connecticut,
visited Whiteville, the county seat of Columbus County,
met some of the prominent citizens and organized a home
guard. On the way back they spent the night with a Mr.
Richardson. He was a Yankee, who before the war bought
275,000 acres of timber land and employed free labor in the
lumber and naval store trade. During the war he was per-
secuted, imprisoned, and narrowly escaped lynching. He
offered each one of the officers 100 acres of timber land

207

GOLDSBORO, N. C. J^'N'E 4 TO 23, 1865.

and lumber for houses if they would come there and settle.
The railroad ran for ten miles through his land.

On the 4th of June it was telegraphed that Secretary of
War Welles, Postmaster General Dennison and a party of
ladies and gentlemen were at Fort Fisher. General Hawley
and staff with the Seventh Regiment band went down and
serenaded them and afterward invited them to Wilmington
where they were entertained.

On the 7th of June General Schofield ordered General
Hawley to send the Seventh Connecticut and Third and
Seventh New Hampshire to Goldsboro.

On the 10th of June General Terry was assigned to
the command of the Department of Virginia with head-
quarters at Richmond. He asked General Hawley to act
as his Chief of Staff, to which on permission of General
Schofield, General Hawley assented. On the 20th of June
orders were received from the Wrar Department relieving
Gen. Joseph R. Hawley and Capt. E. Lewis Moore from
duty in the Department of the South, and directing them
to report to Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry at Richmond, Virginia,
for orders and assignment to duty. They proceeded to
Richmond and General Hawley entered upon his duty as
Chief of Staff to Major General Terry, Department Com-
mander. Captain Moore was assigned to duty as assistant
adjutant general to Maj. Gen. J. H. Turner, commanding
the District of Henrico, including the City and County of
Richmond. Thus the Seventh parted from the commander
under whom they had served so long and with so great
satisfaction.

On the 23rd of June, 1865, the term of enlistment of
the original members of the Fifteenth Connecticut expired
and they were mustered out. Two hundred and forty-six
recruits whose time had not yet expired were transferred
to the Seventh Connecticut.

208

GOLDSBORO, N.C. AND HOME. JUXE 23 TO JULY 29, 1 865.

The stay of the Seventh at Goldsboro from June 7th
to July 20th was uneventful. At last on the 20th of July
they were mustered out of the service of the United States
and returned by rail to City Point and thence by steamer
to Xew Haven. When Generals Terry and Hawley, Maj.
Adrian Terry and Capt. E. Lewis Moore learned that the
old regiment was on its way home they took a steamer and
went to City Point to meet them. There learning that they
had gone to Petersburg, they procured a carriage and
joined them there, spending the night of the 25th in jovial
companionship. On the morning of the 26th the regiment
took cars to City Point, and on reaching there at once
embarked and steamed for home. General Hawley and
Captain Moore accompanied them a few miles on the
"Blackbird" and took their final leave.

The regiment proceeded to Xew Haven under the com-
mand of Col. S. S. Atwell where it arrived on the evening
of July 29th, and was received by a committee at the wharf,
and escorted with the usual triumphal display through
illuminated streets to a supper at the State House. Mayor
Scranton welcomed the soldiers to the hospitalities of home
and Colonel Atwell briefly responded. They then went
into camp at Grapevine Point. The work of making out
muster and pay rolls and final statements occupied them
until August nth, when they were formally discharged and
made their way speedily to their homes.

This history cannot be more appropriately closed than
by copying the first and last words of General Grant's final
report to the Secretary of War :

Headquarters Armies of the United States.

Washington, D. C. July 22, 1865.
Sir :

I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera-
tions of the armies of the United States from the date of my
appointment to command the same :

209

Home, Sweet Home. Jui-y, 1865.

From an early period in the rebellion 1 had been impressed
with the idea that active and continuous operations of all the
troops that could be brought into the field, regardless of season
and weather, were necessary to a speedy termination of the war.
The resources of the enemy and his numerical strength were far
inferior to ours, but as an offset to this we had a vast territory,
with a population hostile to the government, to garrison, and long
lines of river and railroad communications to protect, to enable
us to supply the operating armies.

The armies in the East and West acted independently and with-
out concert like a balky team, no two ever pulling together, enabling
the enemy to use to great advantage his interior lines of communi-
cation for transporting troops from east to west, re-enforcing the
army most vigorously pressed, and to furlough large numbers,
during seasons of inactivity on our part, to go to their homes and
do the work of producing for the support of their armies. It was
a question whether our numerical strength and resources were not
more than balanced by these disadvantages and the enemy's superior
position.

From the first I was firm in the conviction that no peace could
be had that would be stable and conducive to the happiness of the
people, both North and South, until the military power of the
rebellion was entirely broken. I therefore determined, first, to use
the greatest number of troops practicable against the armed force
of the enemy, preventing him from using the same force at different
seasons against first one and then another of our armies, and the
possibility of repose for refitting and producing necessary supplies
for carrying on resistance ; second, to hammer continuously against
the armed force of the enemy and his resources until, by mere
attrition, if in no other way, there should be nothing left to him
but an equal submission with the loyal section of our common
country to the constitution and laws of the land. These views
have been kept constantly in mind, and orders given and campaigns
made to carry them out. Whether they might have been better in
conception and execution is for the people, who mourn the loss
of friends fallen, and who have to pay the pecuniary cost, to say.
All I can say is. that what I have done has been done conscien-
tiously, to the best of my ability, and in what I conceived to be
for the best interests of the whole country.

It has been my fortune to see the armies of both the West
and the East fight battles, and from what I have seen I know there

210

Home, Sweet Home. J^'ly, i S65.

is no difference in their righting qualities. All that it was possible
for men to do in battle they have done. The Western armies
commenced their battles in the Mississippi Valley, and received
the final surrender of the remnant of the principal army opposed
to them in North Carolina. The armies of the East commenced
their battles on the river from which the Army of the Potomac
derived its name, and received the final surrender of their old
antagonist at Appomattox Courthouse, Va. The splendid achieve-
ments of each have nationalized our victories, removed all sectional
jealousies (of which we have unfortunately experienced too much),
and the cause of crimination and recrimination that might have
followed had either section failed in its duty. All have a proud
record, and all sections can well congratulate themselves and each
other for having done their full share in restoring the supremacy
of law over every foot of territory belonging to the United States.
Let them hope for perpetual peace and harmony with that enemy
whose manhood, however mistaken the cause, drew forth such
herculean deeds of valor.

I have the honor to be. very respectfully, your obedient servant,

U. S. Grant,

Lieutenant-General.

211

CHAPTER XXIV.

MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS.
TERRY AND HAWLEY.

Generals Terry and Hawley were both remarkable men.
Doubtless both will one day be commemorated by suitable
biographies, but this volume would be incomplete without
an attempt to sketch briefly some of their important char-
acteristics.

Physically there was little resemblance between them.
Terry was tall and slim and his eye bespoke patient thought ;
Hawley was of medium height and stocky, and the
prominent quality of his eye was earnestness.

Their psychic natures were in some points strikingly
alike ; in others markedly unlike. Both of their minds
were cast in heroic mould. Petty things possessed slight
interest, but great thoughts aroused ready enthusiasm. In
the early days of the secession movement the integrity of
the nation seemed to both the one thing worth living for,
or dying for. After the nation was secure, both alike
were interested to make the Union worth saving. Civil
liberty and civil equality — that every man should obey the
law, and that the law should be worthy of every man's
obedience, were results both sought after. Purity of
administration and loyalty of purpose wherever they were
found aroused in each a hearty sympathy ; any form of
injustice, self seeking or meanness excited in each a tower-
ing indignation. The difference was, that Terry possessed
the most self control and power to discern the difference
between ignorant or thoughtless misdemeanor and willful
turpitude.

Terry's thoughts tended toward comprehensiveness ;
Hawley's toward concentration. In action Terry was

212

Terry and Hawley.

deliberate and careful ; Hawley prompt and impulsive.
These likenesses and differences made them close friends,
kept them together during the war, and when it was over,
and to Terry was committed an important command in the
reconstruction period, he chose Hawley as his chief of staff.

Indeed, their differences seemed to complement each
other ; with Terry to plan and Hawley to execute, a strong
combination was secured.

Soon after the war closed their paths separated.
Hawley was elected Governor of Connecticut in the spring
of 1866, and thenceforth won his triumphs in political and
civil life.

As president of the Republican National Convention in
1868, president of the United States Centennial Commis-
sion 1 872- 1 875, member of Congress 1872- 1875 and 1879-
188 1, as United States Senator from 1881-1905 he served
the country with distinguished ability and universal accept-
ance.

Terry remained in military life and could have been
illy spared from the army ; yet he was more interested in
peace than war. When the time for reconstruction came
he was assigned to the command of the Department of Vir-
ginia. His work, as Morris has said, was "to bring peace
out of hostility, and construct a broad base on which might
be upreared a genuine democracy in place of the false and
effete aristocracy that had met its doom." Frankly and
firmly he met the race question in a general order.*

After referring to the existing laws of Virginia in
reference to the blacks, he said :

"Slavery has been abolished in Virginia ; and therefore,
upon the principle that where the reason of the law ceases,
the law itself ceases, those laws and ordinances have
become obsolete. People of color will henceforth enjoy

*General order No. 77 Department of Virginia. June 23. 1865.

213

Terry and Hawley.

the same personal liberty that other citizens and inhabitants
enjoy; they will be subject to the same restraints and the
same punishment for crime that are imposed on whites, and
to no others. *********
Until the civil tribunals are re-established, the administra-
tion of criminal justice must, of necessity, be by military
courts ; before such courts, the evidence of colored persons
will be received in all cases."

Having thus clearly announced the principle, he carried
it out with singular courtesy, firmness and justice. A
graduate of New Haven Law School, and having been
clerk of the Superior Court of New Haven County and of
the Supreme Court of Connecticut he was as familiar with
civil as with military law, and so combined civil right and
military power that every one, white or black, was assured
of his rights, but every attempt to obtain anything by
bluster was at once suppressed. As Morris says again, "An
administration so combining humanity with power, so
rigorous and yet so beneficent had never before been given
to the people of Virginia." The general himself felt that
his work in that department was the best work of his life.

When he resigned on account of ill health in 1888, he
ranked next to Schofield and outranked Miles. One can
hardly help wishing that his age and health had permitted
him to remain in the army until the Spanish war.
McKinley as President, Roosevelt as Secretary of War, and
Terry as General in Chief would have made a trio of rare
harmony and efficiency.

Both generals felt toward their old regiment much as
Napoleon felt toward the "Old Guard." In any position
of peculiar difficulty or danger they did not hesitate to
put the Seventh, confident that it would do its full duty.
This very confidence aroused an "esprit de corps" which
fully justified their expectations.

214

THE LADIES.

From Hist 1st Lt. Batt'y.
MRS. JOSEPH ROSWELL HAWLEY.

To portray the heroism
of the mothers, sisters, sweet-
hearts and wives who gave
their loved ones for their
country would require a
volume, but no mention of
this would be a serious omis-
sion. A hard place for a
soldier is to stand at reserve
while a severe battle is going
on, ever}- moment expecting
to be ordered into the thick of
the fight. The girls we left
behind us were always in
reserve. They watched papers
with fear and trembling when
a fight was expected, and when it came sought them again
with agonizing fear and hope. Their work for the Sani-
tary Commission after it was organized gave them some-
thing to do ; a few of them enlisted as nurses ; a very few
of the officers' wives were permitted now and then brief
visits to their husbands on the rare occasions when they
garrisoned forts, but as a rule they were condemned to the
hard work of just waiting. Yet how bravely most of
them cheered their dear ones on, how much their spirit
inspired deeds of bravery, how the thought of a reunion
when the war should be over was at once a solace and
inspiration, all of us well remember.

Among them all the wife of our colonel was queen,
Harriet Ward Foot Hawley, or as she usually signed her-
self Harriet W. Hawley. How much her spirit did to
inspire her husband to be what he was is too sacred a subject

215

The Ladies.

to dwell upon fully, but we may be permitted one or two

extracts from letters published by her surviving sisters.
When he was ordered to the encampment in New Haven
she wrote :

"I can never be sorry you have taken the step you
have. Terrible as it is, I am glad I can do something. If
I could only go too I should be happy."

Afterward, when her husband wrote that some of the
officers' wives were to visit their husbands at Port Royal
in 1 86 1, she wrote :

"If the generals do not want the women around, as I
should think might be very likely, I can give it up entirely ;
I won't come merelyto please myself; it won't be half as
hard to give it up as to let you go at first — nor half as hard
as to feel that I had coaxed you against your better judg-
ment, and that I am a care to you there instead of a com-
fort."

April 15, 1862, after a winter of illness she wrote:

"I am making up my mind pretty decidedly that you
won't be killed in this war, but will come home to a bigger
fight here. There will be a thousand times more need of
you here a year hence than there has been anywhere yet.
I believe the Lord means to keep you in the world and get
a good deal of solid work out of you. Thank God that you
are an honest man. I'd starve in rags or keep an Irish
boarding house sooner than that you should buy place or
power by giving up one iota of principle. What folly it
seems to care for anything but the right. This life seems
such a short time to do even our duty in."

Though she would not go south for her own pleasure,
at length, in November, 1862, circumstances permitted her
to join her husband at Beaufort, S. C. Between that time
and the spring of 1863 several of the ladies visited the army.
Miss Harriet W. Terry, the general's sister, Mrs. Wayland,

216

The Ladies.

Mrs. Gardiner, Mrs. Dennis, Mrs. Mills and Mrs. Hawley's
sister Miss Foote made a social circle which formed an
oasis in military life which was remembered with great
pleasure in the continuous battles from July, 1863 to the
close of the war.

An interesting romance may be mentioned in this con-
nection. While the regiment was at Fernandina notice
came through the pickets that a lady wished to come into
our lines to go north. The provost marshall Captain San-
ford and Major Rodman went down to see the party which
had come under a flag of truce. The young lady was a
Miss Buddington of Xew London, who had been shut into
southern lines while spending the winter with an uncle
and had never been able to return home. She was received
politely by the officers, who endeavored to converse with
her on the way back to town "in spite" as she laughingly
said afterward "of the fact that I was horribly dressed,
for I had been in the Confederation for two years, and my
shoes were homemade cobblings."

Major Rodman found to his dismay, that she was quite
deaf, and he said to Captain Sanford "you must talk to
her, provost marshall, I cannot." Yet in one day less than
three weeks from that time the major and Miss Buddington
were married.*

Airs. Hawley's principal interest centered about the
hospitals which she visited wherever she was. Her heart
went out toward "our boys" as she called them. As she
passed through the wards her eyes said volumes, and the
boys all worshipped her. When news was brought to
Fernandina of the first assault on Wagner, and that the rest
of the regiment was ordered there, Mrs. Hawlev and her

*The ladies at the Post took great pleasure in contributing
from their trunks toward her trousseau, and gave wedding lunches
of sardines and canned salmon.

217

The Ladies.

sister Miss Foote said the nags must be mended. So
although it was Sunday they took scraps from the only
silk dresses they had brought, got contributions from the
other ladies and patched the eagle and the stripes. One
comrade still preserves a scrap of that flag about two inches
long and an inch wide, on which is a scrap of blue silk
sewed on by Mrs. Hawley's hands.

When Airs. Hawley was ordered north the hardest
thing next to leaving her husband was leaving the sick
soldiers. She wrote to her husband, "I can't bear to leave
the men, I want to be where I can go to the hospital and
see some of their faces every day. It seems like home to
me if I can only see a soldier with a 7 in his cap."

Again after she reached New York she wrote, "I was
pleased as any school girl to watch the elegant carriages
and fine horses and superb dresses of the ladies as I drove
up Broadway Monday afternoon, but suddenly I seemed
to see far more plainly the bare rooms with long rows of
narrow cots ; in each one a worn, patient, manly face, and
before I knew it I was sobbing. I must go back and do
what I can for my poor boys."

She tried to get Miss Dix to appoint her to some place
in a hospital, and was finally assigned to the hospital at
Army Square in Washington. There she remained until
about September 8, 1864, when she went away for needed
rest, returning November 26th of the same year, and
remained until April, 1865. Then she went to Wilmington.
The horrors of the care of the sick and starving prisoners
moved her greatly and what made it worse was that they
lacked clothing, beds and bedding. She got possession of
1,200 yards of cotton cloth from the Sanitary Commission,
called a meeting of the benevolent ladies of Wilmington and
in a week's time they made up 138 pillow cases, 153 pillows,
eighty-four bed sacks and as many sheets.

218

The Ladies.

After the war her ministrations did not close. When
the boys began to apply for pensions there were difficulties
about obtaining proofs. Of course they wrote to General
Hawlev ; lie turned the letters over to Mrs. Hawlev and
she constituted herself a pension bureau for the Seventh,
sparing no pains to obtain the proof asked for. ( )n follow-
ing page is a fac-simile of a letter written to the Secretary
of the Regimental Association. She must have written
hundreds like it.

On her death in March, 1886, the Seventh Regiment
Association erected a tablet to her memory in Asylum Hill
Church in Hartford. It is of brass with a border of rare
red marble.

219

X^r.&.z?

£k*t— t/%-' -

js-

*£_

THE UILLMORE MEDAL

L^lndmcs.

Co.^.'/i'icy.

Z /'names.

<') V

General Gillmore was so much pleased with the conduct
of the troops who took part in the operations on Morris
Island, that at his own expense he had bronze medals struck
in commemoration of their services. He issued a general
order requesting regimental and battery commanders to
designate enlisted men worthy to receive medals of honor
for gallant and meritorious conduct during the siege. From
the Seventh Connecticut he permitted the selection of one
member of the non-commissioned staff, two men from each
of the companies engaged in both the first assault on Wag-
ner and the subsequent siege, and one from each of the
companies engaged only in the siege. The members of the
regiment who received medals were :

Sergt. Maj. Raphael Gilbert.
Company A — Privates Levi Andrews, William Bond.
Company B — Corporal Chauncey A. Bacon, Private
Edgar H. Parsons.

221

The Gillmore Medal.

Company C — Corporal Dennis O'Brien.

Company D — Corporal Frederic A. Felch.

Company E — Private John Biderman.

Company F — Corporal Henry A. Allen.

Company G — Private Leander Parmelee.

Company H — Private John M. Millikin.

Company I — Corporal John J. Cochran, Private Rufus

Aggett.
Company K — Privates James A. Howard, Elisha F.

Soule.

222

A PARTING WORD TO MY BROTHERS IN ARMS.

Dear Comrades :

After a lapse of forty years a record of your labors and
sufferings in defense of the Union is before you. Written
as it has been in scraps of time snatched from the cares of
a busy life, no one is better aware than I of its many
imperfections. For these it is needless to apologize.
Among many good things which might have been done in
this connection I early decided on four which must be done;
these were :

i. To make a continuous narrative, accounting for
the presence and occupations of the main body of the regi-
ment every day, from muster in to muster out. This I
believe has been accomplished.

2. To see to it that everything set down was true.
I fear this has not been perfectly done, for accounts differ ;
even official reports do not always agree. In such cases I
have chosen that which seemed to me to bear the strongest
weight of evidence in its favor.*

3. To record enough of the work of co-operating
forces to give an idea of the general movements in which
we took part.

4. To keep the cost of the work down to such a point
that, without greater pecuniary sacrifice than would be just
to my family, the price of the book would bring it within
the reach of every survivor of the regiment. How nearly
this has been secured, onlv time will show.

^Nothing is more confusing to the historian than varying
accounts given of the same occurrence by different eye witnesses.
Psychologists account for it thus : When we are strongly
impressed our minds are concentrated on that which makes the
most vivid impression and we see nothing else. We are right in
believing what we saw. hut wrong in supposing that we saw it all.

223

A Parting Word to My Brothers in Arms.

Whatever its defects, I think this volume will recall to
your minds many things which you had forgotten, for we
can forget a great deal in forty years. I hope also that it
will tell you some things which you never knew, for the
private soldier who does his duty well, especially in the
hour of battle, knows only what passes in his immediate
presence. I believe the events here narrated will be like
hooks on which you have hung past memories, which, when
brought to light, will enable you to live over again the stir-
ring years from 1861 to 1865, so that when your little
grandchild climbs upon your knee and says. "Grandpa, tell
me a story," you will have a story to tell.

In this utilitarian age we like to know what good we
have accomplished — what we have to show for those four
years of suffering and death. As in a game of chess it will
sometimes happen that a single pawn interposed at the right
time will save the game, so in the game of war, it may be
that a single regiment, standing in the right place at the
right time and doing its duty heroically will save a brigade,
if not the whole command. Instances are not lacking in
which you were privileged to be that lucky pawn.

When at Olustee you stood for three hours and fought
superior numbers behind intrenchments without flinching,
when at length the charge was made and your unerring
fire melted gaps in the charging columns and finally sent
their scattered ranks back to their intrenchments, when
at last after nearly twenty-four sleepless hours of skirmish-
ing and fighting you safely guarded the rear, you surely
kept what was a disastrous attack from becoming a dis-
astrous rout.

The devoted 150 men who on that foggy morning at
Drewry's Bluff stood with full magazines in the light
intrenchment which you had dug with your knives and
plates and kept back many times their number until the rest

224

A Parting Word to My Brothers in Arms.

of our force reached the cover of the woods, did as brave
and effective work as Leonidas and his three hundred
Spartans at the pass of Thermopylae. It was a great
honor to have been killed or captured in that trench.

At Newmarket Road October 7, 1864, it was the deadly
fire of your rifles which stopped the rush of Hoke's division
flushed with the hope of success, and turned what began as
a rout into a victory, establishing a line near Richmond
which was never after given up until the city was evacuated.

It is more than possible that between Fort Fisher and
Wilmington these same trusty rifles saved a section of the
grand old First Heavy Artillery from Libby Prison.*

Xot to multiply exceptional cases you have the honor
shared by more than two thousand other brave regiments ;
namely, that of being a part of the great whole which saved
the Union. You did not fight for war, but for peace. The
South tried to separate the states by force of arms. The
Xorth had only the choice either to tamely submit, or to
resist by the same force. When we remember the bitter-
ness which prevailed on the opposite sides of Mason and
Dixon's line in i860, when we reflect that if our nation had
become two, that bitterness would probably have increased,
when we compare the strife of i860 with the harmony of
1905, who is there among us who does not thank God that
he was permitted to bear even the slightest part in the war
which led to that result? Who does not pray that our
grandchildren will be brave enough and good enough to
make the Union which we helped to save a benign mother

*It may be said that the successes above named could not have
been secured without Spencer carbines. While that is true, it is
equally true that a good gun is worth nothing without a good man
behind it. Your fire was deadly because you were not afraid to
wait until the enemy was in good range; you knew how to adjust
your sights; you kept cool and took good aim.

225

A Parting Word to My Brothers in Arms.

to a hundred million people and a kind friend among the
nations of the earth. So, in the words of "Tiny Tim" we
say for the South as for the North "God bless us every
one."

226

APPENDIX.

No. I, Page 7.

"Our noble army is routed, and the whole plain is covered with
fugitives, nothing apparently left in an organized state but the
Connecticut Regiments. Marching across the level they reach the
woods, where the enemy's cavalry come down. Facing by the rear
rank, the regiments repulse them by well directed volleys. Resum-
ing the march, the Connecticut troops approach Cub Run, the
bridge across which is crowded with masses of hurrying troops.
Without mingling with them they ford the stream, and forming
in line, protect the rear from the Rebel cavalry, which here,
prudently withdraws." — Colonel Burnhants Official Report.

"Having dispersed the enemy in our front in the direction of
Cub Run and Bull Run, I soon came upon a column of infantry,
about five thousand, strongly posted, and supported by a battery
of three pieces. They immediately opened upon my command,
throwing them into some confusion." — Colonel Radford of the Con-
federate Cavalry.

No. 2, Page 1 1.

As originally organized, the regiment was distributed through-
out the state as follows :

Field and Staff, 9 officers.

New Haven, Col. A. H. Terry, Maj. G. F. Gardiner, Quarter-
master Adrian Terry, Surgeon Francis Bacon, Assistant Surgeon,
Horace P. Porter. Hartford, Lieut. Col. J. R. Hawley. Stamford,
Adjutant Grosvernor Starr. Plymouth, Assistant Surgeon E. C.
Hine. Worcester, Mass., Chaplain H. L. Wayland.

Non-Com missioned Staff, 6 enlisted men.

New Haven, Sergt. Maj. G. G. Sanger, Quartermaster Sergt.
John P. Corsa, Hospital Steward. Thomas T. Minor. Meriden,
Com. Sergt. Wm. P. Brooks, Fife Maj. Wm. S. Edgerton. Hart-
fukii. Drum Maj. Leman C. Minor.

Company A, 3 officers and 97 men, total 100.

Hartford, Capt. D. G. Francis, First Lieut. T. L. Hayden and
10 men. New Britain, Second Lieut. V. B. Chamberlain and 7
men. Southington, 25 men — scattered 55 men.

1

Appendix.

Company B. 3 officers and 93 men. total 96.

Hartford. Capt. D. C. Rodman, Second Lieut. John H. Wilson
and 8 men. Vernon, First Lieut. Leverett Wright and 7 men.

Farmington, 13 men. Somers, 7 men. Middletown, 6 men
Portland, 6 men — the rest were widely scattered.

Company C, 3 officers and 99 men, total 102.

Meriden. Capt. O. S. Sanford, First Lieut. O. L. Hatch, Second
Lieut. S. S. Atwell and 64 men. Wallingford, 8 men — the rest
were scattered, principally in New Haven Count}'.

Company D. 3 officers and 99 men, total 102.

Danbury, Capt. B. F. Skinner and 39 men. Norwalk, 14
men — 11 men were from New York State, and the rest scattered
principally in Fairfield County.

Company E. 3 officers and 97 men. total 100.

Winchester, Capt. C. E. Palmer. Second Lieut. Robert Demp-
sey and 13 men. New Haven, First Lieut. James A. Burnes and
35 men — the rest were scattered through Litchfield and New Haven
counties.

Com pa ny F. 3 officers and 93 men. total 96.

New Haven, Capt. Theodore Bacon, First Lieut. Wm. Charnley,
Second Lieut. C. H. Keeley and 33 men. Derby, 9 men — the
remainder were widely scattered.

Company G. 3 officers and 98 men, total 101.

New Haven. Capt. E. S. Hitchcock, First Lieut. C. C. Mills,
Second Lieut. J. Townsend and 47 men. Salisbury, 12 men — the
remainder scattered.

Company H. 3 officers and 98 men, total 101.

Norwich, Capt. J. B. Dennis. First Lieut. Theodore Burdick,
Second Lieut. Gorham Dennis and 23 men. Windham, 13 men.
Sprague, 11 men — the rest scattered largely through New London
and Windham counties.

Company L. 3 officers and 87 men. total 90.

Bridgeport, Capt. S. H. Gray. Second Lieut. I. E. Hicks and 18
men. Middletown, First Lieut. John Thompson and 11 men. East
Haddam, 11 men. Canaan, 7 men. Colchester, 6 men — the rest
were scattered.

Company K. 3 officers and 86 men. total 89.

Killingly, Capt. Charles Burton and 25 men. Putnam. First
Lieut. J. Tourtellotte and 8 men. Pomfret, 9 men — the rest scat-
tered through Windham County and Rhode Island.

2

Appendix.

The towns represented in the Seventh were : Andover. Ash-
ford. Avon. Barkhamsted, Berlin, Bethany, Bethel, Bloomfield, Bol-
ton, Bozrah.Branford, Bridgeport. Bridgewater, Bristol, Brooklyn,
Burlington. Canaan. Canterbury, Canton, Chaplain. Chatham,
Cheshire. Chester. Clinton, Colchester, Colehrook. Columbia. Corn-
wall. Coventry. Cromwell. Danbury. Darien, Derby. Durham. East-
ford, East Haddam, East Hartford, East Haven, East Lyme,
Easton, East Windsor. Ellington. Enfield. Essex, Fairfield, Farming-
ton. Glastonbury. Goshen. Granby, Greenwich, Griswold, Guilford,
Haddam, Hamden, Hampton, Hartford, Hartland, Hebron, Hunt-
ington. Killingly, Lisbon, Lyme, Madison, Manchester, Mansfield,
Meriden, Middlebury, Middlefield, Middletown, Monroe, Montville,
Morris. Naugatuck, New Britain, New Canaan, New Fairfield. New
Haven, New London, New Milford, Newtown, Norfolk. North
Branford, North Canaan, North Haven, Norwalk, Norwich, Orange,
Oxford. Plainfield. Plymouth, Pomfret. Portland, Preston, Putnam,
Redding, Ridgefield, Salisbury. Saybrook, Seymour, Sharon, Sims-
bury, Somers, Southington, South Windsor, Sprague, Stafford,
Stamford. Sterling, Suffield. Thompson, Tolland, Torrington,
Trumbull, Vernon, Voluntown, Wallingford, Warren, Wash-
ington, Waterbury. Waterford, Watertown. Westbrook, West Hart-
ford. Westport. Wethersfield, Willington. Wilton. Winchester,
Windham, Windsor, Windsor Locks. Wolcott. Woodbridge, Wood-
stock.

No. 3, Page 18.

The "Cooper Shop Volunteer Refreshment Saloon," the name
under which it was incorporated, deserves to go down in history
beside the Sanitary Commission.

Its beginning was spontaneous. In April, as the volunteers
arrived at Washington street, the ladies in the immediate vicinity
gave the boys whatever they had in their cupboards and made them
coffee. These at first were not well-to-do people, but as the number
of troops passing through increased they combined their forces,
bought a big kettle to make coffee in and got permission from
William M. Cooper to make coffee in the big fireplace in his cooper
shop. From this the enterprise grew; the men of the neighbor-
hood joined with the women, an association was formed and incor-
porated and eventually embraced all parts of the city and all circles
of society, though the active management was in the hands of
nearby residents. The organization was matchless. Agents at rail-

3

Appendix.

way stations in New York and Baltimore telegraphed to a member
of the committee, who was always on duty at the cooper shop,
giving probable time of arrival. A gun was fired and the neighbors
at once gathered for duty, bringing provisions with them so far as
they could.

The first regiment fed at the cooper shop was the Eighth
New York. May 27, 1861. After that whenever a regiment arrived,
which was not every day, it was taken care of. and the organization
continued as long as there were any regiments to feed. The records
show that they fed more than six hundred thousand men.

Good deeds arouse emulation ; soon another room was opened
called the "Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon." This was
located on Washington street near the steamboat landing. Both
saloons fitted up temporary hospitals, at which the sick and wounded
could be temporarily cared for until they could be sent to the
regular hospitals. A story of the work of the society was published,
but has long been out of print.

No. 4, Page 18.

Horatio Governeur Wright was born at Clinton. Conn.. March
6, 1820. He graduated at West Point in 1841 ; served as engineer
at Bull Run. and as Brigadier of Volunteers was commander of
the Third Brigade of Gen. T. W. Sherman's Expeditionary Corps
to Port Royal October, 1861. Was ordered to Ohio in June, 1862;
was promoted to Major General of Volunteers in July, 1862; com-
manded the Department of Ohio 1862-1863. Was Division Com-
mander in the Army of the Potomac 1863-1864, and succeeded to
the command of the Sixth Corps in May, 1864. He took part in
the defenses of Washington in 1864 and in the Shenandoah cam-
paign (especially at Cedar Creek), and pierced the lines at Peters-
burg, April 2, 1865. He was brevetted Major General in the
United States Army in 1865 and later was chief of engineers. He
retired in 1884.

No. 5, Page 22.

War Department.

August 2, 1861.
Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman.
General :

You will proceed to New York immediately and organize
in connection with Captain Du Pont of the navy an expedition of

Appendix.

12.000 men. Its destination you and the naval commander will
determine after you have sailed. You should sail at the earliest
possible moment.

No. 6, Page 23.

War Department.

Washington, August 11. 1861.
Bkk;. Gen. Thomas \V. Sherman,
Sir :

You will proceed to the capitols of the states of Connect-
icut. Rhode Island. Massachusetts. New Hampshire and Maine, and
confer with the governors of those states on the subject which
I have verbally communicated to you. and which is conveyed to the
g< ivernors also in the letters herewith placed in your hands, and
which you are requested to deliver. You will then proceed to New
York City as heretofore instructed.

Very respectfully.

Thomas A. Scott.
Assistant Secretary of War.

War Department.

Washington, August 10, 1861.
Gen. T. W. Sherman, having been charged with the prepara-
tion of an expedition to rendezvous on Long Island Sound, will on
the part of this Department, consult with you as to the troops
which can be earliest made available for this service.
Very respectfully your obedient servant.

Thomas A. Scott,
Assistant Secretary of War.

Their excellencies the governors of Maine. New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

No. 7. Page 23.

Headquarters of the Arm v.

Washington. September 14. 1861.
Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, U. S. A.,
New York City, N. Y. :

General Scott says. "Come here with all your command
without delay, leaving the smallest guard necessary to protect
your camp."

E. D. T/OWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant General.

5

Appendix.

Executive Mansion.

September 18, 1861.
Hon. Secretary of War.

My Dear Sir :

To guard against misunderstanding, I think fit to say that
the joint expedition of the army and navy agreed upon some time
since, and in which Gen. T. W. Sherman was and is to bear a
conspicuous part, is in nowise to be abandoned, but must be ready
to move by the 1st or very early in October. Let all preparations
go forward accordingly.

Yours truly,

A. Lincoln.

No. 8, Page 23.

Executive Department.

Hartford, Conn., September 20. 1861.
Hon. Simon Cameron,

Secretary of War, Washington,
Sir :

I telegraphed you on the 17th and 18th instants, and would now
repeat the despatch, by saying that the Sixth Regiment Connect-
icut Volunteers left New Haven for Washington on the 17th
instant with 974 men, rank and file, and the Seventh Regiment left
on the 18th instant with about 1,000 men. Under the direction of
General Sherman I fitted the regiments with only five wagons and
two ambulances and a corresponding number of horses to each.

I am, dear sir, yours with high regard,

Wm. A. Buckingham.

No. 9, Page 24.

Headquarters Department of Virginia.

Fort Monroe, October 28, 1861.
Hon. Simon Cameron,

Secretary of War,
Sir:

By special messenger, I would inform you that the expedition
under the command of Brigadier General Sherman is still in Hamp-
ton Roads. Brigadier General Sherman has been here since Tues-
day last. On his arrival I gave him a large amount of supplies,
among others. 350,000 rounds of cartridges. It appears that his

Appendix.

ammunition was stored at the bottom of his ships, and could not
be got at short of four days. *********

It is now nearly seven days since the general received the
ammunition and the fleet is still in port, and when it will sail is
more than I can tell. I am now furnishing ten days' rations for
the soldiers, and for the same reasons assigned for the ammunition
furnished, that their rations are stowed where they cannot be got
without several days' delay. I will venture to assert that a worse
managed expedition could not be contrived. Every opportunity has
been given to the Rebels to be prepared to meet them at any point
on the coast. Among other opportunities a deserter from the fleet,
a petty officer (the party referred to I find upon inquiry to be Mr.
Hale, a young officer connected with the navy, and, I believe a
relative of Secretary Welles, a native of Virginia), carried with
him the signal book, and, as he said, a knowledge of the destina-
tion of the expedition. ***********

I have the honor to be very respectfully your obedient servant.

John E. Wool,

Major General.

No. 10, Page 24.

Camp Griffin, October 17, 1861.
Hon. Thomas A. Scott,

Assistant Secretary of War:

I gave General Sherman all the regiments he asked for.
At least two of those originally intended for him and promised to
me, have been diverted from us. The artillery promised me to
replace Hamilton's battery have not been given to me, I will not
consent to one man being detached from this army for that expedi-
tion. I need far more than I now have to save this country, and
cannot spare any disciplined regiment. Instead of diminishing the
army, the true policy would dictate its immediate increase to a
large extent. It is the task of the Army of the Potomac to decide
the question at issue. No outside expedition can effect the result.
I hope that I will not again be asked to detach anybody.

Geo. B. McClellan,
Major General Commanding.

No. 11. Page 24.

The Expeditionary Corps as organized October 28, 1861, was
made up as follows :

7

Appendix.

First Brigade — Brig. Gen. Egbert L. Viele ; Eighth Maine, Col.
Lee Strickland; Third New Hampshire, Col. E. Q. Fellows; Forty-
sixth New York, Col. Rudolph Rosa; Forty-seventh New York,
Col. Henry More; Forty-eighth New York. Col. James H. Perry.
Officers 192. Men 3.682. Aggregate 3,796.

Second Brigade — Brig. Gen. I. I. Stevens; Eighth Michigan,
Col. Wm. M. Fenton; Seventy-ninth New York, Lient. Col. Wm.
H. Nobles; Fiftieth Pennsylvania, Col. B. C. Christ; One Hundreth
Pennsylvania, Col. Daniel Leasure. Officers 141, Men 3.196. Aggre-
gate 3.3,37.

Third Brigade — Brig. Gen. Horatio G .Wright; Sixth Connect-
icut. Col. John L. Chatfield ; Seventh Connecticut. Col. Afred H.
Terry; Ninth Maine. Col. Rishworth Rich; Fourth New Hamp-
shire. Col. Thos. J. Whipple. Officers 153, Men 3,747, Aggregate
3.900.

Troops Not Brigaded — First New York Volunteer Engineers,
Col. Edward W. Serrell ; Third R. I. Artillery. Col. Nathaniel W.
Brown; Third U. S. Artillery, Battery E. Capt. John Hamilton.
Officers 62. Men 1,315, Aggregate 1,377.

Aggregate of entire corps 12,653, of which 12.079 were equipped
for duty.

No. 12. Page 28.

Capt. Saxton of the quartermaster's department on General
Sherman's staff writes November 9. 1861 : "It gives me great
pleasure to report that so far the expedition has been a complete
success. We are now in complete possession of the finest harbor
in the South, where the largest ships can enter and ride at anchor
in safety.

In the heart of the richest part of the cotton district, with
direct and easy communication by water inland with Charleston and
Savannah, it possesses unrivalled advantages for a quartermaster's
and naval depot, and in the future a great commercial city must
grow up here."

General Sherman in his report November 11 ,1861 says: 'The
effect of this victory is startling. Every white inhabitant has left
the island. The wealthy islands of St. Helena, Ladies and most
of Port Royal are abandoned by the whites, and the beautiful
estates of the planters, with all their immense property left to the
pillage of hordes of apparently disaffected blacks, and the indica-
tions are that the panic has extended to the fort on the north end

8

Appendix.

of Reynolds Island, commanding the fine anchorage of St. Helena
Sound. Of this, however, 1 shall have satisfactory information in
a few days. I am now in the occupation of the forts at Hilton
Head, the two on Phillips Island and the one at Braddock's Point.
The task of unloading our vessels will be a slow and difficult
operation, in consequence of the extended shallow shores until
wharves can be constructed. Nevertheless it is expected to be able
to leave here with a large force as soon as our defenses are fully
under way .to further carry out the grand objects of the expedition."

No. 13, Page 34.

Headquarters Tenth Army Corps.
In the Field Near Hatchers, Va., July 12, 1864.
General Orders, )
No. 14. )

It has been brought to the knowledge of the brigadier general
commanding that in some of the regiments of this corps, he hopes
in not more than one, officers are in the habit of associating on terms
of familiarity with the enlisted men of their regiments — even to
the extent of playing certain games together.

If a proper sense of propriety and pride of profession will not
stop this pernicious habit, it is useless to issue orders on the subject
for the government of officers.

Any enlisted man hereafter found associating with officers,
either playing at games, or otherwise, will be brought to trial
for disobedience of orders.

By order of Brig. Gen. W. T. H. Brooks.

Edward W. Smith,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Official :

A. Terry,

Assistant Adjutant General.

No. 14, Page 44.

The assignment of the Seventh Connecticut to batteries was
as follows :

Battery Tottcn — Four ten-inch mortars 1,685 yards from fort.
Capt. D. C. Rodman, Capt. S. H. Gray. Second Lieut. S. J. Corey

9

Appendix.

and a detachment of non-commissioned officers and men in three
reliefs.*

Battery Halleck — Two thirteen-inch mortars 2,400 yards from
fort. Capt. O. S. Sanford. Capt. E. S. Hitchcock, Second Lieut.
S. S. Atwell and a detachment of non-commissioned officers and
men in three reliefs.

Battery Sherman — Three ten-inch mortars 2,650 yards from
fort. Capt. D. G. Francis, Capt. J. B. Dennis, Lieut. V. B. Cham-
berlain and a detachment of non-commissioned officers and men in
three reliefs.

Battery Grant — Three thirteen-inch mortars 3,200 yards from
fort. Capt. Chas. E. Palmer, Capt. Jerome Tourtellotte, First Lieut.
Wm. E. Phillips and a detachment of non-commissioned officers
and men in three reliefs.

Battery Stanton — Three thirteen-inch mortars 3,400 yards from
fort. Capt. B. F. Skinner, Capt. Theodore Bacon, First Lieut.
Theodore Burdick and a detachment of non-commissioned officers
and men in three reliefs.

In all fifteen batteries mounting fifteen guns.

No. 15. Page 45.

Terms of capitulation agreed upon for the surrender to the
forces of the United States of Fort Pulaski, Cockspur Island,
Georgia.

Article i. The fort, armament and garrison to be surren-
dered at once to the forces of the United States.

Article 2. The officers and men of the garrison to be allowed
to take with them all their private effects, such as clothing, bedding,
books, etc. ; this not to include private weapons.

Article 3. The sick and wounded, under charge of the hos-
pital steward of the garrison, to be sent up under a flag of truce to
the Confederate lines, and at the same time the men to be allowed
to send up any letters they may desire, subject to the inspection
of a Federal officer.

*The concussion of the atmosphere caused by the firing of the 10 and 13-inch
mortars was so great that the gunners were cautioned that when the order
"Fire" was given, each one should rise on tiptoe and open his mouth. Lieuten-
ant Corey neglected this precaution, consequently his eardrum burst, disabling
him. He was succeeded at this battery by Lieutenant I. E. Hicks.

IO

Appendix.

Signed this nth day of April. 1862 at Fort Pulaski. Cockspur
Island. Georgia.

Chas. H. Olm stead,
Col. First Vol. Reg. of Ga.. Commanding Fort Pulaski.
Q. A. Gill. more.
Brig. Gen. Vols. Commanding U. S. Force, Tybee Island, Ga.

(Indorsement.)
I authorized these terms subject to your approval.

H. W. Benham,

Brigadier General.

Major General Hunter.

No. 16, Page 49.

An interesting incident relating to this skirmish has lately
come to light.

On the skirmish line was Private (afterward Corporal) Milton
M. Woodford of Bristol. The line was so widely deployed and
the undergrowth was so thick that he could not see his comrades.
After they came in sight of the pickets of the enemy and firing
began, the recall was sounded on the bugle. The regiment had not
then learned the bugle calls, so it meant nothing to Woodford and
instead of rallying on the reserve he ensconced himself behind a
fence and opened fire on the picket, severely wounding one of them.
An officer and two men charged on him and ordered him to sur-
render and come out from his barricade. He replied that if they
wanted him they must come and take him. The officer, who was
a humane man. argued with him. telling him that resistance would
only result in his being killed or wounded, with perhaps a like
result to one of them, and that as his case was hopeless otherwise
he could honorably surrender. Reluctantly Woodford listened to
reason and surrendered.

In the latter part of 1904 Bishop Capers of Columbia. South
Carolina, wrote to Bishop Brewster of Hartford, that he had a
rifle captured on James Island. June 7. 1862. from a member of the
Seventh Connecticut Volunteers named "Woodward."' and that if he
or his family could be found he would be pleased to give it to
them. Bishop Brewster turned the matter over to Colonel Green.
a notice appeared in the Hartford Courant, and meeting the eye
of Rev. L. S. Johnson of New Britain, a former tent mate of
Woodford's, it took but a little correspondence to convince Bishop
Capers that the rifle he had was taken from Woodford. Under

1 1

Appendix.

date of December 27. 1904. he wrote Mrs. Woodford and her
children; his letter is in part as follows:

"1 beg to send you a copy of a letter which I wrote in reply
to one from the Rev. Mr. Johnson which will explain the circum-
stances of Mr. Woodford's capture.

I send you by express prepaid, the identical gun which he
handed to me as described in the letter I wrote to Mr. Johnson,
and which has been in my family and keeping ever since.

It has been my pleasure to return several such tokens of my
Confederate service to the survivors of the Federal army or their
friends. Some time ago I sent to Ohio the flag of the Ninety-
seventh Ohio Volunteers which my regiment captured at the battle
of Franklin. Tennessee, November 30. 1864.

I trust that one reunited country may grow stronger and
greater in those nobler bonds of union which bind her people to
each other, and to a common heritage of devotion to principle and
to duty.

Wishing you as a family the blessing of God, I beg to sub-
scribe myself, respectfully and truly your friend.

Ellison Capers,

Lieut. Col. and Col. 24th S. C. Volunteers and Brigadier General
in the Confederate Army."

No. 17. Page 49.

The whole force, which a little later went into action, was as
follows :

First Brigade — Colonel Fenton. Eighth Michigan, 534 ; Seventh
Connecticut, 598; Twenty-eighth Massachusetts, 544.

Second Brigade — Colonel Leasure. Seventh-ninth Highlanders,
474; One Hundredth Pennsylvania. 421; Forty-sixth New York,

474-

Not Brigaded — Rockwell's Battery, jj; Strahan's Artillery, 83;
Sears' Engineer Corps, 61 ; Sargent's Cavalry, 30.

No. 18. Page 56.

In justice to General Benham a brief digest of the subsequent
history of his case is given below. It is published in full in the
appendix to Vol. XIV. page 979, Official Records, being received
too late for insertion in its proper place.

On reaching New York, General Benham published in the
New York Times his defense, in which he claimed that the failure

12

Appendix.

of the attack was due, not to any fault in his plan, but to General
Stevens' failure to carry out his plans.

On July 28, 1862, he wrote a letter to General Halleck, claiming
that his arrest within limits was unjust, and asking an investiga-
tion with a view to his release. August 7th General Halleck
sent that letter to the Secretary of War with the following endorse-
ment :

"I respectfully recommend that Brigadier General Benham he
mustered out of service as a brigadier general of volunteers."

H. W. Halleck,

General-in-Chief.

The Secretary of War appended the following endorsement :

"Approved."

August 7, 1862.

Edwin M. Stanton,

Secretary of War.

General Benham's appointment was revoked on the same day.

August 13th General Benham appealed to the President, claim-
ing that his commission had been revoked without cause assigned,
or even without charges. Considerable correspondence was sub-
mitted at that time and subsequently, among which were letters
from the Governors of New Hampshire. Rhode Island, Massachu-
setts and Vermont, a long letter from Colonel Hawley and a letter
from General Benham's friend B. N. Martin of Xew York to the
Judge Advocate General.

On the 3rd of January, 1863, President Lincoln referred this
appeal to the Judge Advocate General with the following note :

Executive Mansion.

Washington, January 3, 1863.
Judge Advocate General.
My Dear Sir :

The bearer of this* makes an appeal in behalf of General
Benham. I have told him that if you can carefully examine the
case, and therefore do advise the restoration of General Benham
(sic). I do not order you to do this, but leave it to yourself. I
send the papers in my possession.

Yours very truly.

A. Lincoln.

* Benjamin N. Martin of Xew York.

13

Appendix.

In response to this note General Holt under date of January
26, 1863, gave a review of the testimony in the case, and summed
up his conclusions in the following words:

"Surely in the presence of such testimonials as these. General
Benham should not be condemned as incapable or unfaithful pre-
cipitately, or without a hearing. His restoration is respectfully
rec< itnmended.

I. Holt.
Judge Advocate General.

In response to this recommendation the revocation of General
Benham's appointment, which was issued August 7. 1862. was
revoked, restoring him to the rank of Brigadier General. U. S. A.

In the light of our present knowledge, it seems that if we
had known the nature of the ground in front of the battery and
the attack had been planned accordingly it would have been success-
ful. As it was. it was too strong for a reconnaissance and too
weak for an attack. Had it been followed up with anything like
the persistence that Gillmore showed on Morris Island the position
would have been carried. Confederate authorities admit that when
General Stevens withdrew the assaulting force, the defenders were
read}- to retreat.

Post mortem examinations, however, are of more interest to
the doctors than to the corpse.

The only good accomplished by the assault (if it was good)
was to shift the lines of the siege from James to Morris Island. —
Compiler.

No. 19. Page 66.

It is quite possible that some officers thought it unjust to pro-
mote a private to adjutant and afterward captain and assistant
adjutant general over the heads of line officers who had shown
their capacity on many a hard fought field. If so, they loyally kept
their thoughts to themselves. From an impersonal point of view
the appointment was eminently fitting.

Hawley disdained drudgery; he could write or dictate a paper
with great clearness and felicity of expression, but to give it the
regulation fold, endorse on the proper fold the date, name of
writer, name of addressee, and a summary of its contents, to place
it in the proper file and that file in the proper pigeon hole were
petty details for which he never had time. Left to himself his

U

Appendix.

office desk soon relapsed to the system of a waste basket, each
paper lying where it was thrust in a moment of mental absorption.
If he wanted to find it afterward he had to search the desk
through, and then (such is "the total depravity of inanimate
things") the paper he wanted was likely to be the last which he
found.

With such habits he needed a "Fidus Achates," one not afraid
of hard work, familiar with army regulations, methodical enough
to preserve official records with accuracy and care, gifted enough
to express Hawley's thoughts in Hawley's way and modest enough
to efface himself in the presence of his chief. Moore possessed
all these requisites to a marked degree; To one who knew him
well he seems to have been the right man in the right place. —
Compiler.

No. 20, Page 71.

General Beauregard reported : "On the night of July 8th a
scouting party under the command of Capt. Charles T. Haskell, Jr.,
visited Little Folly Island and discovered the enemy's barges col-
lected in the creeks approaching the island. Commencing on July
7th. and for the three succeeding days, working parties were seen
engaged at labor on Little Folly Island, supposed to be light works
for guns.

The wood on the island (but more especially the peculiar
configuration of the ground which consists of sand hills), gave the
enemy every facility for the concealment of his design."

Note. The truth was that for fifteen nights General Vogdes' force had been
briskly at work within less than a thousand yards from the enemy and during
that time had constructed batteries and mounted twelve 10-inch and four S-inch
mortars, twelve 3o-pounder, four 20-pounder, ten 10-pounder and six 12-pound-
er Wiard guns with magazine and splinter proofs. — Compiler.

Official Records, Vol. XXVIII, part 1, page 71.

No. 21, Page 72.

General Strong's assaulting force was made up as follows:
( 1 ) Companies A, B, I and K of the Seventh Connecticut, led by
Lieut. Col. D. C. Rodman; (2) Four companies of the Forty-
eighth New York. Lieutenant Colonel Green; (3) The Ninth
Maine, Colonel Emory; (4) The Third New Hampshire, Colonel
Jackson; (5) The Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania, Colonel Straw-
bridge; (6) The Sixth Connecticut, Colonel Chatiield. After this

Appendix.

force had landed, the boats returned to the north end of Folly
Island and brought thence the remainder of the Forty-eighth New
York, the One Hundredth New York, and the Seventh New
Hampshire, the last two being from General Vogdes' brigade.

No. 22. Page 75.

The troops chosen for the attack were Companies A. B, I and
K of the Seventh Connecticut, the Forty-eighth Xew York, the
Ninth Xew Hampshire, and the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania.
They were afterward re-enforced by the One Hundredth Xew York
and the Seventh Xew Hampshire from General Vogdes' command.

No. 23. Page 119.

Forces engaged in Olustee expedition :

First Brigade — Col. J. R. Hawley, commanding; (1) Seventh
Connecticut. Captain Skinner, commanding; (2) Seventh New
Hampshire. Col. J. S. Abbott, commanding; Eighth United States
Colored troops, Col. C. W. Fribley. commanding.

Second Brigade — Colonel Barton, commanding; (3) Forty-
seventh Xew York: (4) Forty-eighth Xew York; (5) One Hun-
dred and fifteenth X^ew York.

Third Brigade — Colonel Montgomery, commanding; (6) First
Xorth Carolina, colored; (7) Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, colored.

Not Brigaded — First Battalion Massachusetts Cavalry. Fortieth
Massachusetts Mounted Infantry. Colonel Henry; Hamilton's
Battery, U. S. A.. Elean's Battery. U. S. A.. Langdon's Battery,
U. S. A.

The whole force was under command of Brig. Gen. Truman
Seymour.

No. 24. Page 177.

BLOCKADE RUNNING.

It is probable that but for blockade running the Confederacy
would have been exhausted in two years. Maj. Caleb Huse has
recently issued a pamphlet entitled "The supplies for the Confede-
rate Army, how they were obtained in Europe and how paid for."*

Printed by F. R. Marvin & Son, Boston, Mass.

16

Appendix.

He was appointed by Jeff Davis purchasing agent for the Con-
federacy. He was "given carte blanche, and directed not to allow
himself to be governed by political emissaries of the government."
Fraser, Trenholm & Co.. of Liverpool, were financial agents of
the Confederate Government, and that firm. John Fraser & Co.,
of Charleston. South Carolina, and Trenholm Brothers of New
York, were practically one concern. Almost immediately after the
outbreak of hostilities, the Confederate authorities began to buy
cotton, paying in such "money" as they had, that is Confedrate scrip
or Confederate bonds. The cotton as it lay on the plantations or
in warehouses was for sale, and the Confederate government was
the only purchaser, as private individuals could not get it out of
the country except as very limited quantities were smuggled over
the border. The cotton thus acquired was shipped to Nassau,
Bermuda and Havana as fast as ship captains could be found with
sufficient skill and daring to sneak out any dark night and run to
either of these ports. When the blockade was declared our govern-
ment had scarcely enough war vessels to furnish one for each port
of entry in the South. Thus the Confederate government soon
had stored at neutral ports a large amount of cotton which had
cost it nothing and was readily exchangeable for gold at a rapidly
advancing price. From these ports it could be shipped anywhere
with impunity. Through the bankers above named Major Huse
could draw on the avails of this cotton, paying for war material
and military supplies. He succeeded in making a contract with one
firm in London which had recently purchased a gun stocking plant
from the Ames Manufacturing Co.. of Chicopee. Mass., for its
entire product, and this contract held as long as the Confederacy
lasted.

As our blockading fleet increased it became more difficult to
get supplies in than cotton out. but with all the creeks and inlets
which lined the southern coast it was not difficult for a light draft
steamer to run from Nassau near enough the coast to avoid our
fleets by day and then slip in under cover of the night. Ships were
built for this purpose. They were low, with a turtleback hull and
telescope smoke stacks which could be lowered to the deck, and
were painted lead color so that they could approach our gunboats
near enough to see them clearly while they themselves were
invisible from our vessels.

The harbor of Wilmington was peculiarly adapted to blockade

17

Appendix.

running. Our fleet had to lie far out, and by choosing a moonless
night and a high tide, one of these steamers could easily slip into
Masonboro or New inlet, whence, guided by lights from the shore
it could readily reach the protection of Fort Fisher.

With the gold price of cotton eight cents per pound in Wilming-
ton and fifty cents per pound in Liverpool a fortune could be made
on a single cargo.

In order to secure the best sailors for the purpose the following
prices were paid for a trip from Wilmington to Nassau and hack:

Captain. $5,000; first mate. $1,250; second and third officers.
$750 each; chief engineer, $2,500; crew and firemen. $250 each and
pilot. $3,750.

From first to last our navy captured or destroyed 1.022 blockade
runners. 295 of which were steamers, yet many fortunes wrere made
in the business. The capture of Fort Fisher gave it its death hlow.

The southern planters suffered nearly all the loss. Trunks
full of Confederate scrip or bonds proved worthless, but so loyal
were they to the Confederacy that the worthlessness of the money
caused no more discontent than the other misfortunes of the war.

A parallel to this feeling is found in our own soldiers. The
pay of a private continued to be only twelve dollars per month
after the price of necessities for their families at home far more
than doubled, yet no one grumbled. A pass book found in a
soldier's household as late as 1866 shows, sugar, 21 cents per
pound, lemons. 5 cents each, black tea, $1.40 per pound, kerosene
oil. $1.00 per gallon, flour. $15.00 per barrel, molasses, $1.00 per
gallon, coffee, 40 cents per pound.

No. 2^. Page 23 of Appendix.

OUR MONUMENT.

Ever since the legislature passed the act appropriating one
thousand dollars to every regiment or battery which should erect
a monument, the Seventh Regiment has had one under considera-
tion. For some years the question of site was a bone of conten-
tion at each reunion. It was desired by some that the monument
should be erected on the Capitol grounds in Hartford — of others
to join with the Sixth and Tenth and First Connecticut Light
Battery in erecting an equestrian statue of General Terry in New
Haven. At last in 1901. the late Charles Dudley Warner took up
the matter with J. Massey Rhind. the designer of the fountain on

Appendix.

Bushnell Park. A design was chosen, the principal features being
two bronze tablets. One showed in heroic size Generals Terry
and Hawley in consultation in the foreground, while in the hack-
ground the bombardment of Fort Pulaski was going on. The other
showed a company of veterans marching into their native town to
be mustered out. Mr. Warner's sudden death occurring just as
the first design was put in plaster, blocked, the scheme for a while.
It was afterward taken up, the design, after some modifications, was
accepted by the regimental committee and the Park Commissioners
of Hartford, who granted permission to erect it on Lafayette Park,
facing the monument erected on the Capitol grounds to the First
Connecticut Artillery.

The committee set about raising the needed funds ($15,000)
but found it was a generation too late. Only about 250 survivors
of the regiment remained, none of them rich, and most of the warm

*■

v.V

1 ^y^'w

*??*■.

2 ,L X* -

MR. EHIND'S DESIGN FOR TABLET FOR
NORTH FACE— Copyrighted.

MR. RHIND'S DESIGN FOR TABLET FOR
SOUTH FACE -Copyrighted.

19

Appendix.

friends of Generals Terry and llawley had passed away. After
two years of anxious work the committee was forced to own that
the money needed could not be secured.

At this juncture the Sixth. Tenth, and Light Battery were
disappointed in their plan of erecting a statue to General Terry, and
after correspondence it was decided to join in erecting a monument
to the four organizations, to cost no more than they could raise
among themselves with the state aid. This monument, shown on
page 23 of appendix, was erected on the lower park in Broadway. New
Haven, and dedicated with appropriate ceremonies June 16. 1905.

It was fitting that these organizations should join in this enter-
prise. The Sixth and Seventh were twin regiments. Raised at
the same time for the express purpose of joining T. W. Sherman's
Expeditionary Corps, they served for most of the time together.
Both were baptized in blood at Fort Wagner, the Sixth losing
more men in the second assault than the Seventh had lost in the
first, though not so large a percentage of the number engaged.

The Tenth won its first honors at North Carolina, its principal
battles there being at Roanoke Island. New Berne. Tarboro and
Kinston. It remained in North Carolina until January, 1863. when
it was ordered to St. Helena. South Carolina and thenceforth
served with great honor with the other regiments under Terry.

The First Connecticut Light Battery which in the Department
of the South ranked with Capt. Jack Hamilton's regular battery
as one of the best batteries in the Department, served in connection
with these three regiments in South Carolina and Florida and after-
ward in Virginia. They loved to support it and it loved their sup-
port. Indeed, on one or two occasions the battery was almost the
salvation of the infantry.

Such a bond of union, cemented wTith some of the richest blood
of Connecticut, is well commemorated by placing the names of
these four organizations side by side, as many of their members fell.

An interesting part of the exercises on dedication day was
singing by 500 boys from the New Haven schools under Professor
Jepson. That of crowning interest to the Seventh was the short
address of Thomas L. Norton. President of the Seventh Connect-
icut Regiment Association which was as follows :

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT NORTON.

Once more, and probably for the last time, the remnant of
Terry's old division of the Tenth Army Corps have met to touch

20

Appendix.

elbows, rind look into each other's faces, as in days of old. Before
me I see the men who at Fort Pulaski. Olustee, Bermuda Hundred,
Drevvry's Bluff, Deep Bottom, Petersburg. Fort Fisher and on
others fields bore the ensigns of the state, sometimes forward to
victory, sometimes backward in defeat, but never, thank God. in
dishonor.

May we not believe my comrades, that there is present with us
to-day another host, mighty though invisible, who have crossed the
flood from the grand old division, led as of yore by that gallant
gentleman, and knightly soldier of the Seventh Connecticut. Alfred
H. Terry? Long years have passed since we saw him with our
poor mortal vision, but he has never faded from memory's gaze.
How proud the old regiment was of him ! How we gloried in his
promotions, knowing that not a single leaf of all his laurels was
unearned or undeserved. How we loved to say that no major
general in the regular army ever gained that high rank from the
volunteer service saving Alfred H. Terry. How natural it was for
us to apply to our Chevalier Bayard those words of Shakespeare's,
"His life was gentle, and the elements so mixed in him that nature
might stand up and say to all the world, this is a man."

And is there not here the presence of another great-hearted
soldier at the head of his old regiment? The years roll away and
we see him as we saw him three and forty years ago this very day,
comrades, at James Island. Once more we see that martial stride,
that port and bearing as of a veritable son of Mars. Once more
we hear that masterful voice ring out, "Attention Battalion, For-
ward March," and the old Seventh springs to arms, glad to follow
wherever Joe Hawley leads.

These men were ours, ours to love and obey; we but loaned
them to other spheres of duty. We loaned Terry to a brigade, we
loaned him to a division, we loaned him to the regular army, but
we never dismissed him from our membership. We loaned Hawley
to the Centennial Commission, to the governor's chair, to the
House of Representatives, to the Senate of the United States, but
we claimed him as our own until that dreary day in March when
he received his final promotion. Then we were forced to say of
him as we had said of Terry and Rodman. Chamberlain and Hitch-
cock, and Sanford and Merriam, and the other heroes of the Seventh,
as Stanton said when Lincoln breathed his last : "Now he belongs
to the ages."

21

Appendix.

In the presence of this encompassing cloud of witnesses, speak-
ing for the survivors of the Seventh regiment, who stand on the
border land of the great Unknown, we gratefully accept from the
Commonwealth of Connecticut, and from our friends, our share
of this memorial, praying God that long after we shall have crum-
bled into dust, this towering shaft may tell our children's children
to latest generations, that one republic is not ungrateful, that on
Connecticut soil at least patriotism, loyalty and valor shall in no
wise fail of their reward.

22

*

JOINT MONUMENT.

ABBREVIATIONS.

A. A. G Assistant Adjutant-General.

A. D. C Aid-de-Camp.

Ad j Adjutant.

A. G. 0 Adjutant General's Office.

A p Appointed.

Art Artillery.

Asst Assistant.

Batt — Battalion.

Batt'y Battery.

Brig - Brigade, Brigadier.

Bvt Brevet.

Cap 'd Captured.

Capt - Captain.

Cav. - - - Cavalry-
Co Company

Col - Colonel.

Com Commodore, Commissary, Commission.

Com'd Commissioned.

Cons'ldn Con solidation.

Corp - .-.Corporal.

C. S--. - Commissary of Subsistence.

C. V Connecticut Volunteers.

De pt - -Department.

Des Deserted

Dis Disability.

Disc - - - - - Discharged .

Dishon — -Dishonorably.

En Enlisted.

Furl'd -.- Furloughed.

G. C. M -.. General Court Martial.

Gen - General.

Hosp Hospital.

Ind.. Independent.

Inf -. Infantry.

Lt - - Lieutenant.

Maj Major.

M. o Mustered out.

Muse. - - - . Musician.

Must... Mustered.

N. f. r. A. G. 0 No further record Adjutant-General's Cilice, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Par Parol ed.

Prin. Principal.

Priv.. Private.

Pro Promoted.

Q. M -.. -.. Quartermaster.

Rede - Reduced.

Re-en. Vet Re enlisted Veteran.

Regt Regiment.

Regt'l Regimental.

Resgd Resigned.

Sergt _ Sergeant.

Squad Squadron.

Stew'd Steward.

Surg Surgeon.

Tm. ex Term expired.

Tra ns - . Transfer, Transferred.

U. S. A United States Army.

U. S. C. I United States Colored Infantry.

U. S. N. -. United States Navy.

U. S. S United States Steamer, Sloop, Ship.

U. S. Sig. Corps United states Signal Corps.

Vols. -.- Volunteers.

V. R. C Veteran Reserve Corps.

Wag Wagoner.

Wd Wounded.

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Itinerary of the Seventh Connecticut,

1861.

Page.

( )yster Point, September 1 to 17 13

Washington, September 18 to October 8 17

Annapolis, October 9 to 20 21

Hampton Roads, October 23 to 29 24

At sea, October 29 to November 7 25

Hilton Head, November 7 to December 18 28

Tybee Island, November 9 to April 11, 1862 38

1802.

Fort Pulaski. April 1 1 to May 30 46

North Edisto, June 1 48

John's Island, June 1 to 6 48

James Island. June 7 to July 6 48

Edisto Island, July 7 to 19 56

Hilton Head, Julv 20 to September 30 57

St. John's Bluff. October 1 to 7 58

Hilton Head. October 7 to 21 58

Pocotaligo, October 22 to 23 59

Hilton Head, October 23 to 30 64

Beaufort, October 31 to January 9, 1863 65

1863.

Hilton Head, January 11 to 13 66

Fernandina, January 15 to April 1 66

Hilton Head, five companies, April 1 to 13 66

Hilton Head. Companies A and B, April 19 68

Hilton Head, Companies I and K, June 25 68

St. Augustine, May 8 to Aguust 2 68

Hilton Head, Companies A, B, I, K. July 7 68

Morris Island, Companies A, B, I, K, July 10 to August 3 73

Morris Island, whole regiment, August 3 to October 15 85

St. Helena Island, October 15 to 30 112

Folly Island, October 31 to November 8 113

Hilton Head, November 8 114

Folly Island, November 9 to 18 114

St. Helena Island, November 19 to February 6, 1864 119

1

Itinerary of the Seventh Connecticut.

1864.

Page.

( Hustee, February 9 to April 13 119

Hilton Head. April 13 to 15 124

Virginia. April 15 to October 1 129

Bermuda Hundred. May 5 to 9 130

Chester Station. May 10 132

Drewry's Bluff. May 15 to 16 136

Bermuda Hundred May 17 to June 10 139

Petersburg. June 10 144

Bermuda Hundred. June 15 to August 13 148

Deep Bottom, August 13 to 15 156

Deep Run. August 16 to 17 160

Petersburg, August 24 to September 27 164

Deep Bottom, October 1 to 7 165

Rchmond. reconnaissance toward, October 1 167

Newmarket Road. October 7 168

Laurel Hill, October 7 to 13 168

Darbytown Road. October 14 170

Charles City Road, October 27 171

Laurel Hill. October 29 to November 2 173

New York, November 6 to 17 174

Laurel Hill, November 18 to January 3. 1865 175

1865.

Bermuda Landing. January 4 179

Fort Fisher. January 5 to 15 181

Wilmington, January 18 to February 22 196

Above Wilmington. February 23 to March 2 199

Department of Wilmington, March 3 to June 7 202

Goldsboro. June 7 to July 20 208

Home, July 26 to 29 209

INDEX,

Page.

Abbott, Col. J. C !65

Abbott's brigade at Fort Fisher 189

Andrews, D. C [[[[ j->g

Annapolis, arrival at 21

Annapolis, departure from 23

Appendix, end of history ^23

Appomattox, crossed . . . . . 162

Appomattox, recrossed 165

Atwell, Lieut. S. S 52 59

Atwell, Capt. S. S :....'.'.'.'. 160," "165, 171, '173

Atwell. Col. S. S 209

Augur, Lieut. W. H ..156, 207

Austin, Sergt. Willard .' . 159

Bacon, Capt. Theodore 64, 133, Y36, ' 140,' Y48, ' 156

.Bacon. Private John !_,

Baldwin, Fla 1 19

Baldwin, Lieut. Newton \ \ ............. 156

Baltimore, passage through 18

Barbers, Fla. ' j ,0

Barker. Lieut C E ...'.. ! ! '. 59,' 135, ' l& V56, ' 159

Batteries, built and served at Tybee 41, 44

Batteries, served at Morris Island .'.94

Beacon House 89

Beaufort, encampment at .65

Benham, Brig. Gen., commanding Northern District .' 44

Benham. Brig. Gen., at Secessionville 44 55

Bermuda Hundred 130, 132, 139, 149, 162, 179

tsirney, Maj. Gen. D. B., congratulatory order 16^

Bombardment of Hilton Head on

Bombardment of Fort Pulaski .44

Bombardment of Fort Sumter, first qa

Bombardment of Fort Sumter, second 109

Braddock's Point '/ 29 30

Bradford, Lieut. Byron " 'j-6

Braman. Corp. H. T '.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.*'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.[ 138

Brannan, General, commanding 10th Corps ..., .57

Brannan, General, congratulatory order .65

Breaching batteries on Morris Island "OJ

Broad River ^o

Brockett. C. A ""' '"'q

Brooks. Maj. T. B '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['. $7

Buddington, Miss 217

Burdick, Capt. Theodore .62 77

Bumes, Capt. J. A 59

Butler, Maj. Gen. B. F \ I29,' V44, ' 145,' Y75, ' 178

Index.

Page.

Calcium light 92

Camp English 13

Chamberlain, Lieut. V. B 52

Chamberlain, Capt. V. B 59, 201

Charles City Road 172

Charleston, operations against 69

Chatfield, Col. John L., 6th Connecticut 8, 83

Chester Station 132, 133

Christmas 65, 117, 177

City Point 129, 130

Clapp. Elisha 136

Clark. Corp. E. W 159

Congratulatory letter from War Department 192

Cook, Private James 61

Cook, Sergt. L. A 159

Cook, Sergt. William 159

Cooper's shop, refreshment saloon (Appendix No. 3), 17

dimming' s Point 92, 109

Darbytown Road 171, 172

Darling Fort 136

Deep Bottom 165

Deep Run 160, 161

Dempsey, Lieut. Robert 51* 68

Dennis, Capt. J. B 59, 132, 134, 135, 141

Dennis, Mrs. J. B. . . 217

Deserters made prisoners of war 150

Deserters shot 176

Dewitt, Private William 76

Dexter, Private J. Newton 51

Discharge of original members not re-enlisted 164

Dingie plan, the 112, 114

Discipline 14, 16

Drewry's Bluff I35> 138

Dahlgren, Rear Admiral 71

Du Pont, Captain 22

Eaton, Chaplain , 203

Edisto Island 56

English, 1st Sergt. W. S 134

Expeditionary Corps 22, 23

Farris, Private William 24

Fascines 88

Feint on James Island 71

Fernandina 66

Fever, epidemic, prison 203

Fifteenth Connecticut, members transferred 208

Finnigan, Camp 119

Fisher, Fort, first expedition 178

Fisher, Fort, second expedition 181

Fisher, Fort, capture of 187

Fleas 42, 43

4

Index.

Page.

Florida 71, 119

Foote. Miss Katherine 217

Fort Beauregard, captured 30

F< >rt Beauregard, named Fort Seward 31

Fort Pulaski, see Pulaski

Fort Sumter see Sumter

Fortress Monroe 129

Fassell's 160

Gabions 88

Gardiner, Maj. Geo. F 51, 59

Gardiner, Lieut. Col 67

(Jill. Lieut. Henry B 157

Gilbert, Lieut. Raphael 138

Gilchrist, Major 107

Gillmore, Capt. Q. A 29

Gillmore, Gen. Q. A., in command of Department of South 70

Gillmore, Gen. Q. A., congratulatory order 104

Gillmore, Gen. Q. A, mentioned 144, 148

Gillmore medal, the 221

Goldsboro, encampment at 208

Governor, vote for 202

Grant, Lieut. Gen., in command of whole army 147

Grant, Lieut. Gen., final report 209

Green, Lieut. C. J 52, 61. 67

Greene, Private Stephen H 160

Gray, Capt. S. H 52, 59, 60, 96

Hawley, J. R., Captain Co. A., 1st Connecticut 7

Hawley, Lieut. Col., 7th Connecticut 47

Hawley, Colonel 56, 129

Hawley, Brigadier General 166, 173, 174, 177, 208

Hawley, Mrs. J. R 204, 215

Halleck, Major General 69

Halleck Battery 44

Hampton Roads 24, 129

Harrison, Private William H 65

Haynes, Sergeant 51

Hickman, General 136

Hicks, Lieut. I. E (Appendix 2, 10), 156

H igginson, Col. T. W 72

1 1 enry, Col., 40th Massachusetts 138

Hilton Head 29, 56, 58, 64, 66

Iline, Asst. Surg. E. C : 59, 156, 157, 159

I [itchcock, Capt. E. S 50, 51

I I itchcock. Camp 66

I tome, Sweet Home 209

Homesickness 33, 37

Hooton, Lieut. Thomas 51

Hutchinson. Lieut. J. 1 59, 60, 156, 159

Hunter, Maj. Gen. David, assumes command 43

Hunter, Maj. Gen. David, reassumes command 66

Index.

Page.

1 n< Impendence Day 149

Itinerary. 2d Brigade. 1st Division, 10th Corps 152

Jackson. J. R 138

James, Army of 129

James Island, arrived at 48

James Island, battle of 49

James Island, evacuated 56

James Rifle 39

James River, crossed 156

James River, recrossed 162

Jarvis, Surgeon George C 133, 156, 159, 204

John's Island 48

Johnson. Capt. John 97

Johnston's surrender 206

Kautz's cavalry 129, 167

Keyes, Sergeant D. D 134

Ladies, the 215

Laurel Hill 168, 175

Lamphere, James D 138

Legareville 48

Lee, Lieut. H. B 138, 156, 159

Lee. General, surrenders 204

Lincoln's assassination 204

McClellan, Gen. George B (Appendix 7), 22

Mackav's Point (Mackay's Mackies) 60

Marble. Lieut. W. S 59

Marble, Capt. W. S 195, 200. 207

Marsh Battery (Swamp Angel) 89

Medal, the Gillmore 221

Meridian Hill, arrival at 19

Meridian Hill, departure from 20

Merriam, Lieut. E. J 159

Mills. Lieut. G. C 51

Mills, Capt. C. C 59, 140, 142

Mills, Mrs. C. C 217

Minor. Abraham 138

Mitchell. Mai. Gen. O. M., assumes command 57

Mitchell, Maj. Gen. O. M., death of 64

Monument, our (Appendix) 18

Moore, E. Lewis, Adjutant 66

Moore. E. Lewis. A. A. A. G 143

Moore, E. Lewis. Captain and A. A. G 166

Moore, E. Lewis, Assistant Commissary, exchange 199

Morris Island, importance of work on 69

Morris Island, attack on 72

Morris Island, washed away 85

Muster in 13

Muster out 164. 209

Newmarket Road 168

Newmarket Heights 169

6

Index.

Page.

North Edisto 48

Norton, President T. L., address of (Appendix) 22

Olustee, expedition to 119

Oyster Point, encampment at 11

Oyster Point, departure from 17

Palmer. Capt. C. E 50. 52

Parrott rifle, damaged and repaired 96

Parrott rifle, havoc wrought bv 97, 98

Painter. M. G [38

Petersburg 144. 164

Picket lines, friendly exchanges between 149

Perry. Lieut. E. S 59, 63, 66, 143, 156

Perry. Capt. E. S 171

Phillips, Lieut. W. E 59

Philadelphia, passage through 17

Plumb. Sergt. W. W 159

Pocotaligo, expedition to 59, 64

Pontoon bridge 144

Porter. Asst. Surg. H. P 59

Port Royal 26

Prisoners, exchange of 199

Pulaski. Fort reduction of 36-48

Pulaski, bombardment of 45

Pulaski, surrender of 45

Pulaski, garrisoned bv the Seventh 64

Reynolds. Sergt. S. W 66

Requa battery 87

Richmond campaign 151-162

Ripley. Sergt. C. H 134

Rodman. Capt. D. C 51, 61

Rodman, Maj. D. C 59, 217

Rodman. Lieut. Col. D. C yy. 137

St. Augustine, arrived at 68

St. Augustine, departure from 91

St. Helena Island 112, 119

St. John's Bluff 57

Sanderson. Fla 1 19

Sanford, Capt. O. S 44, 59

Sanford, Maj. O. S 133, 137, T42

Sanger. Sergt. Maj. George G 51

Sap, flying and full 88

Sap, roller 88

Serrell. Col. E. W 31. 86

Secessionville, assault of Battery Lamar 49-51

Seabrook's Island 67

Seabrook's Landing 26. 29

Shailer, Sergeant, Company I icg

Shaw. Col. Robert G. ...... * 82, 85

Sherman. Gen. T. Y\\. commander Expeditionary Corps 22

Sherman. Gen. T. W., relieved by General Hunter 43

Index.

Page.

Siege operations explained 87, 88

Skinner. Capt. B. F 59, 120

Smith. Sergt. Hobart H 159

Sling cart 40

Soldiers' rest, lunch at 20

South Carolina, expedition planned 22

Spencer carbines received 116

Spencer carbines, effectiveness of 139. 225

Starr. Sergt. B 159

Strong. Gen. George C 68, 75

Sumter, bombardment of 105, 109

Swamp Angel (Marsh Battery) 89, 90

Taintor, Lieut. M. A 156, 158, i/3

Terry. Adrian, Quartermaster 51

Terry. Adrian. A. A. G (Appendix ) 9

Terry. Adrian. Maj. and A. A. G 209

Terry. Alfred H., Colonel Second Connecticut 7

Terry. Alfred H., Colonel Seventh Connecticut 8

Terry. Alfred H., Brigadier General of Volunteers 47

Terry. Alfred H., Brigadier General in command of District 51

Terry. Alfred H., Brigadier General in Command of Post 65

Terry. Alfred H., Brigadier General in command of 1st Divi-
sion. 2d Corps 129

Terry, Alfred H., Brigadier General in command of 10th Corps.. 170
Terry, Alfred H., Major General of Volunteers in command at

Fort Fisher 181

Terry. Alfred H.. Major General of Volunteers in command of

Department of Virginia 208

Thanksgiving Day, first 31

Thanksgiving Day, third 116

Thanksgiving Day, fourth i/5

Thanks of Congress 194. 195

Thompson, Lieut. John 52, 59

Thompson, Capt. John .156, 166, 195

Torpedoes 100

Townsend. Lieut. Jeremiah 52

Townsend, Capt. Jeremiah 132, 171

Tybee Island, embarkation for 38

Tybee Island, operations at 38, 47

Upson, Sergt. Hiram. Jr 51

Van Keuren, Lieut. John 59, 73

Veterans, re-enlisted on furlough 117

Veterans, re-enlisted return 124

Wagner, Fort, first assault 75

Wagner, Fort, second assault 81

Wagner, Fort, siege of 86

Wagner, Fort, evacuated 102

Walker, Corp. J. H 138

Walker, Fort, capture of 27

Walker, Fort, named Fort Welles 31

Index.

Page.

Washington, arrival at 17

Wayland, Chaplain H. L 32, 59

Wayland, Chaplain H. L., resigned 65

Wayland, Chaplain H. L., reappointed 66

Wayland, Chaplain H. L., again resigned 117

Whaples, Sergt. W .W 159

Wildman, Lieut. T 59, 69, 143, 156

Wilmington, occupation of 197

Wilmington, Department of 202

Wilson, Lieut. John H 59, 77

Wood, Lieut. C. A 134

Woodford, Corp. M M (Appendix 1 1 ), 49

Wright, Brig. Gen. H. G (Appendix 4), 18, 26, 27, 56

Wright, Private H. W 138

Yellow fever 64

Young, Lieut. John B 138, 156, 157